Ear‐canal impedance and reflection coefficient in human infants and adults

1993 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 2617-2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Keefe ◽  
Jay C. Bulen ◽  
Kathy Hoberg Arehart ◽  
Edward M. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Human Infants

Detection of Deafness in Puppies Using a Hand-Held Otoacoustic Emission Screener

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Michael H. Sims ◽  
Erin Plyler ◽  
Ashley Harkrider ◽  
Karen McLucas
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Distortion Product

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a hand-held otoacoustic emissions screener to detect deafness in puppies. Specifically, distortion product otoacoustic emissions were recorded from 34 puppies (both sexes) of a variety of breeds, from 6–10 wk of age, and the results were compared to brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) recorded from the same puppies. Recordings were obtained from both ears in awake or lightly anesthetized puppies, and the results from each ear were compared. In all 62 ears that had normal BAERs, the distortion product otoacoustic emissions screener gave a response of “Pass.” The three puppies that had flat BAER recordings in one or both ears provided a screener result of “Refer.” In two ears with unusual BAERs (waveforms with reduced amplitudes and prolonged latencies) and a “Refer” response from the screener, there was compacted debris in one external ear canal, and the other ear canal was normal. The screener technology has proven application in human infants and is an attractive alternative to BAER testing in puppies because of expense and ease of use.

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

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