Effects of temporal separation and masker level on binaural analysis in forward masking

1992 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F. Yama
Keyword(s):  
Forward Masking ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Masker Level

Forward masking of auditory nerve fiber responses

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Harris ◽  
P. Dallos
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Forward Masking ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Masker Level ◽  
Frequency Threshold ◽  
Masking Stimulus ◽  
Probe Response

1. Responses of single fibers were obtained from the auditory nerve of chinchillas. Tone-burst stimuli consisted of a masking stimulus followed by a probe stimulus. Forward masking of a fiber's response is defined as a reduction in the magnitude of the probe-evoked response caused by the addition of the masking stimulus. 2. The recovery of probe response magnitude as a function of the time interval between masker offset and probe onset (delta T) follows an exponential time course. A relationship between the time course or magnitude of poststimulus recovery and the characteristic frequency (CF) of a fiber was not detected. 3. The iso-forward masking contour near the threshold of the masking effect across masker frequencies approximates a fiber's frequency threshold curve (FTC). In other words, forward masking tuning curves are essentially the same as frequency threshold curves. 4. The frequency dependence of forward masking is compared to that of two-tone suppression. Tonal stimuli outside the boundaries of a fiber's FTC that produce two-tone suppression are ineffective forward maskers. Certain frequency/intensity combinations within the FTC may produce both suppression and forward masking and tones within the remaining area of the FTC produce no suppression but are effective forward maskers. 5. Both the time course and the magnitude of the forward masking effect are dependent on the discharge rate evoked by the masker regardless of the masker's absolute level or spectral content. An increase in masker-evoked excitation causes an increase in time constant and a greater reduction in probe response magnitude, rd. The function relating rd to masker level parallels the firing rate/masker level function up to 40 dB above response threshold. 6. A decrease in masker duration from 100 ms leads to a decrease in both rd and the time constant of recovery. There is no significant difference between the 100 and 200 ms duration conditions. 7. Forward masking in single fibers is related to the period of poststimulus recovery of spontaneous activity, a component of a fiber's response pattern to the masker, and this component is tentatively identified as a period of recovery from short-term adaptation.

Forward masking as a function of frequency, masker level, and signal delay

1982 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 950-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walt Jesteadt ◽  
Sid P. Bacon ◽  
James R. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Forward Masking ◽  
Signal Delay ◽  
Masker Level

scholarly journals High Ripple-Density Resolution for Discriminating Between Rippled and Nonrippled Signals: Effect of Temporal Processing or Combination Products?

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 233121652110101
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Nechaev ◽  
Olga N. Milekhina ◽  
Marina S. Tomozova ◽  
Alexander Y. Supin
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Choice Procedure ◽  
Masker Level ◽  
Reference Signals ◽  
Forced Choice Procedure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Density Resolution

The goal of the study was to investigate the role of combination products in the higher ripple-density resolution estimates obtained by discrimination between a spectrally rippled and a nonrippled noise signal than that obtained by discrimination between two rippled signals. To attain this goal, a noise band was used to mask the frequency band of expected low-frequency combination products. A three-alternative forced-choice procedure with adaptive ripple-density variation was used. The mean background (unmasked) ripple-density resolution was 9.8 ripples/oct for rippled reference signals and 21.8 ripples/oct for nonrippled reference signals. Low-frequency maskers reduced the ripple-density resolution. For masker levels from −10 to 10 dB re. signal, the ripple-density resolution for nonrippled reference signals was approximately twice as high as that for rippled reference signals. At a masker level as high as 20 dB re. signal, the ripple-density resolution decreased in both discrimination tasks. This result leads to the conclusion that low-frequency combination products are not responsible for the task-dependent difference in ripple-density resolution estimates.

LINEATIN ENANTIOMER PREFERENCE, FLIGHT PERIODS, AND EFFECT OF PHEROMONE CONCENTRATION AND TRAP LENGTH ON THREE SYMPATRIC SPECIES OF TRYPODENDRON (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Lindgren ◽  
S.E.R. Hoover ◽  
A.M. MacIsaac ◽  
C.I. Keeling ◽  
K.N. Slessor
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Concentration

AbstractThe effects of lineatin enantiomer ratios, lineatin release rate, and trap length on catches and the flight periods of three sympatric species of Trypodendron Stephens were investigated in field bioassays using multiple-funnel traps. The ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron betulae Swaine, was caught in similar numbers in baited traps and blank control traps, showing that this species does not respond to lineatin. Our results confirmed that Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) is attracted only to (+)-lineatin. Trypodendron rufitarsus (Kirby) and Trypodendron retusum (LeConte) were shown to utilize lineatin and like T. lineatum were caught only when (+)-lineatin was present. These results indicate that lineatin does not govern reproductive isolation among these three species. There was no effect by (+)-lineatin release rate within the range tested. The flight of T. rufitarsus commenced earlier and ceased before the peak of the T. lineatum flight, suggesting that temporal separation may be an important component of reproductive isolation between these two species. The flight period of T. retusum was similar to that of T. lineatum. Host odours may aid in reproductive isolation of these two species. Enantiomer blend did not significantly affect sex ratio in any species; however, sex ratio differed among species, indicating that different species responded differently to the traps or that natural sex ratios differ. Catches of T. rufitarsus and T. retusum increased with trap length when pheromone release per trap was held constant and when release was held constant relative to trap length. Trap length and release rate did not affect sex ratio.

Masker interaction in pure‐tone forward masking

1980 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Widin ◽  
Neal F. Viemeister
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Forward Masking

Loudness Growth under Masking: Relation to True Sensorineural Impairment

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Threshold Shift ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Masker Level ◽  
Loudness Recruitment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Balance Functions ◽  
Loudness Growth

Alternate binaural loudness balances between masked and unmasked normal ears were performed to examine the growth of loudness as a function of masker level at each of several frequencies (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) and to determine whether the recruitmentlike phenomenon in masked ears is comparable in its growth and form to actual recruitment growth in sensorineural impaired ears. The results for 28 subjects indicated that for all frequencies a power function relating the perceived loudness in the masked ear to the unmasked ear could be drawn, and that the slope of this function rose as a function of increased masking. The family of slopes for each frequency was linearly related to the induced threshold shift. The slope of this latter relation proved to be frequency dependent. Comparison between the slope growth in simulated hearing loss and the family of loudness-balance slopes obtained from patients with true unilateral loss of varying degree indicated that the slopes of loudness-balance functions in the latter group also increased linearly with increased loss. In this latter instance, however, the slope growth was not frequency dependent, thus pointing to an essential difference between simulated and actual loudness recruitment growth.

Hysteretic behavior for transmission curve and soliton temporal separation in multi-pulsing regime for mode-locked fiber lasers

Laser Physics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 085103
Author(s):  
Cecília L. A. V. Campos ◽  
Lúcio H. Acioli ◽  
Marcio H. G. de Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Transmission Curve ◽  
Temporal Separation
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