Differential use of temporal cues to the /s/–/z/ contrast by native and non‐native speakers of English

Este artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar alguns dos elementos que sustentam a lógica de centralidade do discurso científico anglo-americano nas redes mundiais de conhecimento, bem como destacar as mazelas da influência desta hegemonia científica nos processos de identificação das sexualidades no Brasil. Os argumentos do texto estão baseados nos princípios epistêmicos expressos na Sessão Publishing for Non-Native Speakers of English, que fez parte do Encontro Anual da Association of American Geographers (AAG) realizado em Tampa, Flórida, em abril de 2014. A organização das redes mundiais de conhecimento científico tem reforçado o lugar de enunciação anglo-americano que cria as representações de mundo que extrapolam o cenário acadêmico, atingindo também as experiências cotidianas e os movimentos sociais e políticos de travestis e transexuais brasileiras.

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Predictive processes during simultaneous interpreting from German into English

Interpreting ◽

10.1075/intp.19.1.01hod ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ena Hodzik ◽

John N. Williams

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

English Language ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Transitional Probability ◽

Semantic Cues ◽

Simultaneous Interpreting ◽

Spoken Language Processing ◽

Advanced Students ◽

Native Speakers Of English ◽

Predictive Processes

We report a study on prediction in shadowing and simultaneous interpreting (SI), both considered as forms of real-time, ‘online’ spoken language processing. The study comprised two experiments, focusing on: (i) shadowing of German head-final sentences by 20 advanced students of German, all native speakers of English; (ii) SI of the same sentences into English head-initial sentences by 22 advanced students of German, again native English speakers, and also by 11 trainee and practising interpreters. Latency times for input and production of the target verbs were measured. Drawing on studies of prediction in English-language reading production, we examined two cues to prediction in both experiments: contextual constraints (semantic cues in the context) and transitional probability (the statistical likelihood of words occurring together in the language concerned). While context affected prediction during both shadowing and SI, transitional probability appeared to favour prediction during shadowing but not during SI. This suggests that the two cues operate on different levels of language processing in SI.

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The limits of extended naturalistic exposure on the perceptual mastery of English /r/ and /l/ by adult Japanese learners of English

Applied Psycholinguistics ◽

10.1017/s0142716400066005 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 380-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Naoyuki Takagi ◽

Virginia Mann

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Native Speakers ◽

The United States ◽

Identification Accuracy ◽

Spoken English ◽

Japanese Learners Of English ◽

Native Speakers Of English ◽

Japanese Learners ◽

One Year ◽

Adult Exposure

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of extended adult exposure to authentic spoken English on the perceptual mastery of English /r/ and /l/, we tested 12 native speakers of English (A), 12 experienced Japanese (EJ) who had spent 12 or more years in the United States, and 12 less experienced Japanese (LJ) who had spent less than one year in the United States. The tests included the forced-choice identification of naturally produced /r/s and /1/s and the labeling of word-initial synthetic tokens that varied F2 and F3 to form an /r/-/l/-/w/ continuum. The F.Js’ mean performance in both tasks was closer to that of the As than the LJs, but nonetheless fell short. Extended exposure may improve /r/-/l/ identification accuracy; it does not ensure perfect perceptual mastery.

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Proficiency Differences in Syntactic Processing of Monolingual Native Speakers Indexed by Event-related Potentials

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2009.21393 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 2728-2744 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Eric Pakulak ◽

Helen J. Neville

Keyword(s):

Language Proficiency ◽

Language Processing ◽

English Language ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Memory Span ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Native Speakers Of English ◽

Proficiency Scores

Although anecdotally there appear to be differences in the way native speakers use and comprehend their native language, most empirical investigations of language processing study university students and none have studied differences in language proficiency, which may be independent of resource limitations such as working memory span. We examined differences in language proficiency in adult monolingual native speakers of English using an ERP paradigm. ERPs were recorded to insertion phrase structure violations in naturally spoken English sentences. Participants recruited from a wide spectrum of society were given standardized measures of English language proficiency, and two complementary ERP analyses were performed. In between-groups analyses, participants were divided on the basis of standardized proficiency scores into lower proficiency and higher proficiency groups. Compared with lower proficiency participants, higher proficiency participants showed an early anterior negativity that was more focal, both spatially and temporally, and a larger and more widely distributed positivity (P600) to violations. In correlational analyses, we used a wide spectrum of proficiency scores to examine the degree to which individual proficiency scores correlated with individual neural responses to syntactic violations in regions and time windows identified in the between-groups analyses. This approach also used partial correlation analyses to control for possible confounding variables. These analyses provided evidence for the effects of proficiency that converged with the between-groups analyses. These results suggest that adult monolingual native speakers of English who vary in language proficiency differ in the recruitment of syntactic processes that are hypothesized to be at least in part automatic as well as of those thought to be more controlled. These results also suggest that to fully characterize neural organization for language in native speakers it is necessary to include participants of varying proficiency.

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