Indirect assessment of the contribution of subglottal air pressure and vocal‐fold tension to changes of fundamental frequency in English

1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall B. Monsen ◽  
A. Maynard Engebretson ◽  
N. Rao Vemula
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Indirect Assessment

Vowel-Related Differences in Laryngeal Articulatory and Phonatory Function

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen B. Higgins ◽  
Ronald Netsell ◽  
Laura Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Pressure Peak ◽  
Speaking Task

The purpose of this investigation was to study the interaction between the supralaryngeal and laryngeal components of the speech mechanism by examining vowel-related effects for a variety of vocal fold articulatory and phonatory measures. Secondary issues were to determine if vowel-related differences were influenced by the nature of the speaking task or gender. Between-vowel differences in estimated subglottal air pressure, peak oral air flow, mean phonatory air flow, air flow near the termination of the vowel, electroglottograph cycle width (EGGW), fundamental frequency, and voice onset time were examined for men and women during syllable repetitions and sentence productions. Significant vowel-related differences were found for all of the measures except mean phonatory air flow, and generally were not influenced by speaking task or gender. Vowel-related effects for estimated subglottal air pressure, peak oral air flow, fundamental frequency, and VOT were consistent with some earlier studies. New findings included vowel-related differences in EGGW and air flow near the termination of the vowel. We propose a model that includes the contribution of mechanical forces, reflexive neural activity, and learned neural activity to explain vowel-related effects. When vowel height is varied, changes in laryngeal cartilage positioning and vocal fold and vocal tract tension appear to influence laryngeal articulatory and phonatory function.

Reinke's Edema: Phonatory Mechanisms and Management Strategies

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Zeitels ◽  
Glenn W. Bunting ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Traci Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Reinke’S Edema ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Superficial Lamina

Reinke's edema (RE) has been associated typically with smoking and sometimes with vocal abuse, but aspects of the pathophysiology of RE remain unclear. To gain new insights into phonatory mechanisms associated with RE pathophysiology, weused an integrated battery of objective vocal function tests to analyze 20 patients (19 women) who underwent phonomicrosurgical resection. Preoperative stroboscopic examinations demonstrated that the superficial lamina propria is distended primarily on the superior vocal fold surface. Acoustically, these individuals have an abnormally low average speaking fundamental frequency (123 Hz), and they generate abnormally high average subglottal pressures (9.7 cm H20). The presence of elevated aerodynamic driving pressures reflects difficulties in producing vocal fold vibration that are most likely the result of mass loading associated with RE, and possibly vocal hyperfunction. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that in the environment of chronic glottal mucositis secondary to smoking and reflux, the cephalad force on the vocal folds by the subglottal driving pressure contributes to the superior distention of the superficial lamina propria. Surgical reduction of the volume of the superficial lamina propria resulted in a significant elevation in fundamental frequency (154 Hz) and improvement in perturbation measures. In almost all instances, both the clinician and the patient perceived the voice as improved. However, these patients continued to generate elevated subglottal pressure (probably a sign of persistent hyperfunction) that was accompanied by visually observed supraglottal strain despite the normalsized vocal folds. This finding suggests that persistent hyperfunctional vocal behaviors may contribute to postsurgical RE recurrence if therapeutic strategies are not instituted to modify such behavior.

Vocal fold kinematics and relative fundamental frequency as a function of obstruent type and speaker age

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 2189-2199
Author(s):  
Yeonggwang Park ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Manuel Díaz-Cádiz ◽  
Jennifer M. Vojtech ◽  
Matti D. Groll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Relative Fundamental Frequency

Evaluating the Influence of Targeted Air Flow on Sound Pressure Level and Closed Quotient

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Closed Quotient ◽  
Considerable Range

Purpose Measures of estimated subglottal air pressure and translaryngeal air flow enable the researcher or clinician to noninvasively assess aerodynamic features related to respiratory and phonatory function. Our goal was to examine the unique relationship between air flow with sound pressure level (SPL) during syllable production while attempting to hold fundamental frequency and subglottal air pressure relatively constant. Method We completed two studies. Study 1: During syllable production, resultant sound pressure level was measured under conditions of constant fundamental frequency and estimated subglottal air pressure while systematically varying translaryngeal air flow. Study 2: During syllable production, resultant sound pressure level and closed quotient (using laryngeal stroboscopy) were measured under conditions of constant fundamental frequency and estimated subglottal air pressure while systematically varying translaryngeal air flow. Results Study 1: Findings suggest a steady increase in sound pressure level with increases in air flow between 25 cc/s and 150 cc/s. Interestingly, relatively stable mean sound pressure level was maintained over a considerable range of air flow values between 225 and 450 cc/s, suggesting that air flow could be further increased without a marked loss of sound pressure level. Study 2: Findings suggest a systematic increase in mean sound pressure level as supraglottic activity subsided and as the closed quotient decreased from 0.80 to 0.58. Interestingly, sound pressure level was relatively stable as the closed quotient decreased from 0.58 to 0.35. Conclusions Our findings suggest that sound pressure level can be maintained over a considerable range of increasing translaryngeal air flow values and over a considerable range of decreasing closed quotient values. These results provide motivation for investigating the interaction between air flow, glottal closure, and sound pressure level among other measures of phonatory function, with important clinical implications for therapeutic approaches that emphasize increases in air flow and focus on reducing contact between the vocal folds.

Phonetics of Singing in Western Classical Style

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Vowel Identification ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Syllable Duration ◽  
Classical Singing ◽  
The Voice

The function of the voice organ is basically the same in classical singing as in speech. However, loud orchestral accompaniment has necessitated the use of the voice in an economical way. As a consequence, the vowel sounds tend to deviate considerably from those in speech. Male voices cluster formant three, four, and five, so that a marked peak is produced in spectrum envelope near 3,000 Hz. This helps them to get heard through a loud orchestral accompaniment. They seem to achieve this effect by widening the lower pharynx, which makes the vowels more centralized than in speech. Singers often sing at fundamental frequencies higher than the normal first formant frequency of the vowel in the lyrics. In such cases they raise the first formant frequency so that it gets somewhat higher than the fundamental frequency. This is achieved by reducing the degree of vocal tract constriction or by widening the lip and jaw openings, constricting the vocal tract in the pharyngeal end and widening it in the mouth. These deviations from speech cause difficulties in vowel identification, particularly at high fundamental frequencies. Actually, vowel identification is almost impossible above 700 Hz (pitch F5). Another great difference between vocal sound produced in speech and the classical singing tradition concerns female voices, which need to reduce the timbral differences between voice registers. Females normally speak in modal or chest register, and the transition to falsetto tends to happen somewhere above 350 Hz. The great timbral differences between these registers are avoided by establishing control over the register function, that is, over the vocal fold vibration characteristics, so that seamless transitions are achieved. In many other respects, there are more or less close similarities between speech and singing. Thus, marking phrase structure, emphasizing important events, and emotional coloring are common principles, which may make vocal artists deviate considerably from the score’s nominal description of fundamental frequency and syllable duration.

Laryngeal Electromyography-Guided Hyaluronic Acid Vocal Fold Injections for Glottic Insufficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063-1070
Author(s):  
Alice Q. Liu ◽  
Joel Singer ◽  
Terry Lee ◽  
Amanda Hu
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Laryngeal Electromyography ◽  
Glottic Insufficiency ◽  
Maximum Phonation Time ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Glottal Insufficiency

Objectives: To assess voice outcomes using the novel technique of in-office laryngeal electromyography-guided vocal fold injections (LEVFI) with hyaluronic acid to treat glottal insufficiency. Secondary objectives included determining the complication/completion rates and if any factors were associated with improved voice outcomes. Methods: Retrospective review of patients who received their first LEVFI from August 2017 to December 2018. Three- and six-month voice outcomes were assessed. Outcomes included voice handicap index-10 (VHI-10), maximum phonation time (MPT), perceptual analysis of voice (GRBAS), fundamental frequency, and stroboscopy. Results: Of the 121 eligible patients (55.4% male, age 63.7 years), 94 (77.7%) had complete 3-month data and 59 (48.8%) had complete 6-month data. VHI-10 was significantly improved from 25.7 ± 7.5 to 20.9 ± 10.9 at 3 months ( P < .001) and to 19.1 ± 11.5 at 6 months ( P < .001). MPT improved from 6.2 ± 5.4 seconds to 9.4 ± 7.1 seconds at 3 months ( P < .001) and to 11.3 ± 8.2 seconds at 6 months ( P < .001). GRBAS was improved in 74.8% of patients ([65.2, 82.8] 95% CI) at 3 months and 80.8% ([69.9, 89.1]) 95% CI) at 6 months. Stroboscopy showed a glottic gap improvement in 74.8% of patients ([65.8, 82.4] 95% CI) at 3 months and in 80.3% ([65.9, 88.5] 95% CI) at 6 months. Fundamental frequency was unchanged, as expected. Multivariate analysis reported that no factors were associated with better voice outcomes. Overall, 177/181 (97.8%) injections were completed. There were no complications. Conclusion: In-office LEVFI is an effective, novel technique to treat glottic insufficiency with improved voice outcomes, high completion rate, and no significant complications.

scholarly journals Acoustic Correlates of Compensatory Adjustments to the Glottic and Supraglottic Structures in Patients with Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. T. Jesus ◽  
Joana Martinez ◽  
Andreia Hall ◽  
Aníbal Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Noise Ratio

The goal of this study was to analyse perceptually and acoustically the voices of patients with Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis (UVFP) and compare them to the voices of normal subjects. These voices were analysed perceptually with the GRBAS scale and acoustically using the following parameters: mean fundamental frequency (F0), standard-deviation ofF0, jitter (ppq5), shimmer (apq11), mean harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), mean first (F1) and second (F2) formants frequency, and standard-deviation ofF1 andF2 frequencies. Statistically significant differences were found in all of the perceptual parameters. Also the jitter, shimmer, HNR, standard-deviation ofF0, and standard-deviation of the frequency ofF2 were statistically different between groups, for both genders. In the male data differences were also found inF1 andF2 frequencies values and in the standard-deviation of the frequency ofF1. This study allowed the documentation of the alterations resulting from UVFP and addressed the exploration of parameters with limited information for this pathology.

A Case Against Teflon Injection to Lower Vocal Pitch

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Zwitman ◽  
Thomas C. Calcaterra
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Vocal Fold Injection ◽  
Vocal Pitch ◽  
Pitch Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

A patient with severe hoarseness was seen three months after Teflon injection of both vocal folds had been performed elsewhere to lower an abnormally high pitch. Pitch analysis utilizing voice spectrography revealed no significant drop in fundamental frequency. The hoarseness is presumed to have resulted from disparate glycerin absorption, inflammatory changes of the folds, and asynchronous vibration of the folds. Vocal fold injection to increase fold thickness and lower pitch is not a simple technique and is not advised until all parameters have been thoroughly studied.

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