Intensity perception. V. Effect of payoff matrix on absolute identification

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Lippmann ◽  
L. D. Braida ◽  
N. I. Durlach
Keyword(s):  
Payoff Matrix ◽  
Absolute Identification ◽  
Intensity Perception

Intensity perception. XII. Effect of presentation probability on absolute identification

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chase ◽  
P. Bugnacki ◽  
L. D. Braida ◽  
N. I. Durlach
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Identification ◽  
Intensity Perception

A Comparison of Odor Intensity Perception by Chinese and South Koreans

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Ik-Jun Yeon ◽  
Yi-Xuan Zhao ◽  
Ju-Yong Jung ◽  
Sung-Sik Park ◽  
Ji-Sun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Odor Intensity ◽  
Intensity Perception

scholarly journals A Study of Taxi Service Mode Choice Based on Evolutionary Game Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Zhu Bai ◽  
Mingxia Huang ◽  
Shuai Bian ◽  
Huandong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game Theory ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Payoff Matrix ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Taxi Service ◽  
Service Mode ◽  
The Impact

The emergence of online car-hailing service provides an innovative approach to vehicle booking but has negatively influenced the taxi industry in China. This paper modeled taxi service mode choice based on evolutionary game theory (EGT). The modes included the dispatching and online car-hailing modes. We constructed an EGT framework, including determining the strategies and the payoff matrix. We introduced different behaviors, including taxi company management, driver operation, and passenger choice. This allowed us to model the impact of these behaviors on the evolving process of service mode choice. The results show that adjustments in taxi company, driver, and passenger behaviors impact the evolutionary path and convergence speed of our evolutionary game model. However, it also reveals that, regardless of adjustments, the stable states in the game model remain unchanged. The conclusion provides a basis for studying taxi system operation and management.

scholarly journals Does Each Menstrual Cycle Elicit a Distinct Effect on Olfactory and Gustatory Perception?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2509
Author(s):  
Žana Stanić ◽  
Ajka Pribisalić ◽  
Maria Bošković ◽  
Jasna Bućan Cvitanić ◽  
Kristina Boban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Intensity Perception ◽  
Anovulatory Cycle ◽  
Sweet Solution ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
Gustatory Perception ◽  
One Way Anova

The obesity pandemic has brought forth a scientific interest in food intake and sensory perception interactions. Olfactory perception and gustatory perception are very complex and under the influence of many factors, including the menstrual cycle. This study aims to clarify conflicting findings on the influence of the menstrual cycle on olfactory and gustatory perception. Women were assessed during four consecutive phases of one complete cycle (mid-follicular, ovulatory, mid-luteal, and late luteal phases (N = 21)), in contrast to women measured across the same phases belonging to two menstrual cycles (N = 29). Additional control groups were men (N = 17), postmenopausal women (N = 14), oral contraceptive users (N = 10), and women with an anovulatory cycle (N = 8). Olfactory threshold, odor discrimination, and identification were tested using the “Sniffin Sticks“ test kit. Suprathreshold intensity and hedonic ratings for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter solutions were assessed. One-way ANOVA and ANOVA for repeated measurements was applied in the analysis, along with linear and trigonometric data fitting and linear mixed models. Linear increases in olfactory discrimination, identification, and overall olfactory performance were observed only in women followed across a complete menstrual cycle. Compared to other groups, these women displayed a cyclic pattern characterized by a predilection for sweet solution; reduced distaste for salty and sour solutions; and increased intensity perception of salty, sour, and bitter solutions towards the end of the cycle. These results suggest that a distinct hormonal milieu of a complete menstrual cycle may be affecting both olfactory and gustatory perception.

Pain perception in chronic knee osteoarthritis with varying levels of pain inhibitory control: an exploratory study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-661
Author(s):  
Paulo E. P. Teixeira ◽  
Hanan I. Zehry ◽  
Swapnali Chaudhari ◽  
Laura Dipietro ◽  
Felipe Fregni
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Intensity Perception

AbstractBackground and aimsPain is a disabling symptom in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Dysfunction of descending pain modulatory pathways and reduced pain inhibition enhance pain facilitation in many chronic pain syndromes but do not fully explain pain levels in chronic musculoskeletal conditions. The objective of this study is to explore the association of clinical variables with pain intensity perception in KOA individuals with varying levels of Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) response.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, exploratory analysis using baseline data of a randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of a non-invasive brain stimulation treatment on the perception of pain and functional limitations due to KOA. Sixty-three subjects with KOA were included in this study. Data on pain perception, mood perception, self-reported depression, physical function, quality of life, and quantitative sensory testing was collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the association between the clinical variables with pain perception for individuals with different levels of CPM response.ResultsFor KOA patients with limited CPM response, perception of limitations at work/other activities due to emotional problems and stress scores were statistically significantly associated with pain scores, F(2, 37) = 7.02, p < 0.01. R-squared = 0.275. For KOA patients with normal CPM response, general health perception scores were statistically significantly associated with pain scores, F(1, 21) = 5.60, p < 0.05. R-squared = 0.2104. Limitations of this study include methodology details, small sample size and study design characteristics.ConclusionsPain intensity perception is associated differently with clinical variables according to the individual CPM response. Mechanistic models to explain pain perception in these two subgroups of KOA subjects are discussed.

scholarly journals Ranking of Weighted Strategies in the Two-Player Games with Fuzzy Entries of the Payoff Matrix

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Rakus-Andersson ◽  
Maria Salomonsson ◽  
Hang Zettervall
Keyword(s):  
Payoff Matrix

Taste Perception and Cerebral Activity in the Human Gustatory Cortex Induced by Glucose, Fructose, and Sucrose Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mouillot ◽  
Sophie Barthet ◽  
Lucie Janin ◽  
Camille Creteau ◽  
Hervé Devilliers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Gustatory Cortex ◽  
Intensity Perception ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sweetness Intensity

Abstract Glucose, fructose, and sucrose are important carbohydrates in Western diets with particular sweetness intensity and metabolisms. No study has compared their cerebral detection and their taste perception. Gustatory evoked potentials (GEPs), taste detection thresholds, intensity perception, and pleasantness were compared in response to glucose, fructose, and sucrose solutions at similar sweetness intensities and at identical molar concentrations. Twenty-three healthy subjects were randomly stimulated with 3 solutions of similar sweetness intensity (0.75 M of glucose, 0.47 M of fructose and 0.29 M of sucrose – sit. A), and with an identical molar concentration (0.29 M – sit. B). GEPs were recorded at gustatory cortex areas. Intensity perception and hedonic values of each solution were evaluated as were gustatory thresholds of the solutions. No significant difference was observed concerning the GEP characteristics of the solutions according to their sweetness intensities (sit. A) or their molar concentration (sit. B). In sit. A, the 3 solutions were perceived to have similar intensities and induced similar hedonic sensations. In sit. B, the glucose solution was perceived to be less intense and pleasant than the fructose and the sucrose solutions (P &lt; 0.001) and the fructose solution was perceived to be less intense and pleasant than the sucrose (P &lt; 0.001). Since GEP recordings were similar for glucose, fructose, and sucrose solutions whatever the concentrations, activation of same taste receptor induces similar cortical activation, even when the solutions were perceived differently. Sweet taste perception seems to be encoded by a complex chemical cerebral neuronal network.

scholarly journals Game Theory in Molecular Nanosensing System for Rapid Detection of Hg2+ in Aqueous Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2530
Author(s):  
Nan Nie ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Chu Fang ◽  
Qiu Zhu ◽  
Jiao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Payoff Matrix ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Decision Systems ◽  
Theoretical System ◽  
Intelligent Decision ◽  
Simple Molecules ◽  
Intelligent Decision Systems

Game theory—the scientific study of interactive, rational decision making—describes the interaction of two or more players from macroscopic organisms to microscopic cellular and subcellular levels. Life based on molecules is the highest and most complex expression of molecular interactions. However, using simple molecules to expand game theory for molecular decision-making remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept molecular game-theoretical system (molecular prisoner’s dilemma) that relies on formation of the thymine–Hg2+–thymine hairpin structure specifically induced by Hg2+ and fluorescence quenching and molecular adsorption capacities of cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) nanosheets, resulting in fluorescence intensity and distribution change of polythymine oligonucleotide 33-repeat thymines (T33). The “bait” molecule, T33, interacted with two molecular players, CoOOH and Hg2+, in different states (absence = silence and presence = betrayal), regarded as strategies. We created conflicts (sharing or self-interest) of fluorescence distribution of T33, quantifiable in a 2 × 2 payoff matrix. In addition, the molecular game-theoretical-system based on T33 and CoOOH was used for sensing Hg2+ over the range of 20 to 600 nM with the detection limit of 7.94 nM (3σ) and for determination of Hg2+ in pond water. Inspired by the proof-of-concept for molecular game theory, various molecular decision-making systems could be developed, which would help promote molecular information processing and generating novel molecular intelligent decision systems for environmental monitoring and molecular diagnosis and therapy.

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