Correlation analysis of three-dimensional strain imaging using ultrasound two-dimensional array transducers

2008 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 1858-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Rao ◽  
Tomy Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strain Imaging ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Array

Local Heat Transfer Characteristics in Simulated Electronic Modules

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Yeon Yoo ◽  
Jong-Hark Park ◽  
Min-Ho Chung
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vortex Generator ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Transfer Characteristics

When heat is released by forced convection from electronic modules in a narrow printed circuit board channel, complex flow phenomena—such as stagnation and acceleration on the front surface, separation and reattachment on the top surface, wake or cavity flow near the rear surface—affect the heat transfer characteristics. The purpose of this study is to investigate how these flow conditions influence the local heat transfer from electronic modules. Experiments are performed on a three-dimensional array of hexahedral elements as well as on a two-dimensional array of rectangular elements. Naphthalene sublimation technique is employed to measure three-dimensional local mass transfer, and the mass transfer data are converted to their counterparts of the heat transfer process using the analogy equation between heat and mass transfer. Module location and streamwise module spacing are varied, and the effect of vortex generators on heat transfer enhancement is also examined. Dramatic change of local heat transfer coefficients is found on each surface of the module, and three-dimensional modules have a little higher heat transfer value than two-dimensional modules because of bypass flow. Longitudinal vortices formed by vortex generator enhance the mixing of fluids and thereby heat transfer, and the rectangular wing type vortex generator is found to be more effective than the delta wing type vortex generator.

Crystal Engineering Using Tris-phenols. Cross-Linked, Pairwise-Interwoven Two-Dimensional Nets in the 2:1 Adduct of 1,1,1-Tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane with 1,2-Diaminoethane

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ferguson ◽  
C. Glidewell ◽  
R. M. Gregson ◽  
P. R. Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Site Occupation

In 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane–1,2-diaminoethane (2/1), [CH3C(C6H4OH)3]2.H2NCH2CH2NH2 (1), triclinic, P1¯, with Z = 2, a = 10.9430 (12), b = 11.1075 (12), c = 15.249 (2) Å, α = 98.672 (15), β = 96.312 (10), γ = 98.377 (13)°, the tris-phenol units form continuous two-dimensional nets, built from pseudo-hexagonal R^4_4(38) rings, interwoven pairs of which are cross-linked by the 1,2-diaminoethane units. Each tris-phenol unit acts as a triple donor, forming two O—H...O and one O—H...N hydrogen bonds, and as a double acceptor in two O—H...O hydrogen bonds: the diamine unit, in which the CH2 groups are disordered over two sets of sites with site-occupation factors of 0.740 (5) and 0.260 (5), respectively, acts as a double acceptor only and the N—H bonds play no role in the hydrogen bonding. The O...O distances in the O—H...O hydrogen bonds are 2.642 (2), 2.690 (2), 2.810 (2) and 2.835 (2) Å, and the two independent O...N distances are both 2.665 (3) Å. Adjacent bilayers are connected into a continuous three-dimensional array by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, all having a C...O distance of 3.468 (4) Å.

Two- and Three-dimensional Arrays of Magnetic Microspheres

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1186-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijia Wen ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
D. W. Zheng ◽  
C. Chen ◽  
K. N. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Magnetic Microspheres ◽  
Nickel Layer ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Microsphere ◽  
Dimensional Array

A novel fabrication approach for two- and three-dimensional arrays of magnetic microspheres is presented in this paper. The magnetic microsphere is made from 47 μm size Al2O3 spheres onto which a 2–3 μm thick nickel layer is coated through electroless plating. After proper anneal, the outer nickel layer is converted to exhibit a crystalline structure. As an example for utilizing such magnetic microspheres, a two-dimensional, anisotropically conductive matrix is made by transferring the magnetic microsphere array from a template to a transparent adhesive tape using a magnetic attractive force. In addition, a three-dimensional array has also successfully been constructed on a metal plate. The two-dimensional conductor array may be useful for high-density circuit packaging applications in the semiconductor industry, and the three-dimensional array may open up a possibility for constructing three-dimensional photonic crystals.

Co(II) and Mn(II) complexes of 2,2'-thiodiethanol: [CoII(2,2'-thiodiethanol)2Cl2] and [Mn(2,2'-thiodiethanol)Cl2]n

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1289-1294
Author(s):  
Yousheng Zhang ◽  
Suning Wang ◽  
Craig Bridges ◽  
John E Greedan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Crystal Lattice ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Chain ◽  
Antiferromagnetic Exchange ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Array

[Co(2,2'-thiodiethanol)2Cl2] (1) and [Mn(2,2'-thiodiethanol)Cl2]n (2), have been synthesized and characterized structurally. Compound 1 is a six-coordinate, mononuclear Co(II) complex. The mononuclear units in the crystal lattice of 1 are linked together through intermolecular hydrogen bonds between hydroxy and chloride groups to form a three-dimensional array. Compound 2 consists of six-coordinate Mn(II) units that are linked by covalently bound 2,2'-thiodiethanol and chloride ligands to form an alternating one-dimensional chain, which is further linked together by inter-chain hydrogen bonds to form a two-dimensional sheet. Antiferromagnetic exchange is present in compound 2.Key words: cobalt, manganese, 2,2'-thiodiethanol, structure, magnetism.

Niedere Hydrate aliphatischer primärer Amine. Neue Untersuchungen zu Bildung und Struktur [1] / Lower Hydrates of Aliphatic Primary Amines. New Studies of Formation and Structure [1]

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Janeda ◽  
Dietrich Mootz
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Melting Diagram ◽  
Partial Structure ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Dimensional Array

AbstractAfter earlier work in this laboratory on lower hydrates of amines, the melting diagram of the system 1,8-diaminooctane/water and six new crystal structures of hemi- and monohydrates of terminal primary n-alkylamines and diamines have been determined. In the hydrates 1 -PrNH2 · 0.5 H2O (space group C 2/m with Z = 4 formula units per unit cell), l-HexNH2 · 0.5 H2O (PI, Z = 2) and H2N(CH2)nNH2 · H2O with n = 4, 6, 8 (P 2x/c, Z = 4), the O and N atoms are hydrogen-bonded into a two-dimensional array analogous to the mutual coordination of cations and anions in the Cdl2 structure type: [ON6/3] ~ [CdI6/3]. In the hydrate H2N(CH2)2NH2 · H2O (C 2/c, Z = 4), the H2O/NH2 partial structure is three-dimensional but can be reduced, by neglecting the longest H bond, to an array which is again just two-dimensional and related now to the red Hgl2 structure type: [ON4/2] ~ [HgI4/2], In all the monohydrates, the arrays as defined are crosslinked by the alkylene cnains of the bifunctional amine molecules

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