Representation of sound pressure and particle motion information in the midbrain of the goldfish

1980 ◽  
Vol 68 (S1) ◽  
pp. S96-S96
Author(s):  
Richard R. Fay ◽  
Kim M. Bolan ◽  
Cynthia M. Hillery
Keyword(s):  
Particle Motion ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Motion Information

scholarly journals Rock Particle Motion Information Detection Based on Video Instance Segmentation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4108
Author(s):  
Man Chen ◽  
Maojun Li ◽  
Yiwei Li ◽  
Wukun Yi
Keyword(s):  
Loss Function ◽  
Particle Motion ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Angular Distance ◽  
Motion Information ◽  
Vibration Load ◽  
Rock Particle ◽  
Information Detection ◽  
Instance Segmentation

The detection of rock particle motion information is the basis for revealing particle motion laws and quantitative analysis. Such a task is crucial in guiding engineering construction, preventing geological disasters, and verifying numerical models of particles. We propose a machine vision method based on video instance segmentation (VIS) to address the motion information detection problem in rock particles under a vibration load. First, we designed a classification loss function based on Arcface loss to improve the Mask R-CNN. This loss function introduces an angular distance based on SoftMax loss that distinguishes the objects and backgrounds with higher similarity. Second, this method combines the abovementioned Mask R-CNN and Deep Simple Online and Real-time Tracking (Deep SORT) to perform rock particle detection, segmentation, and tracking. Third, we utilized the equivalent ellipse characterization method for segmented particles, integrating with the proportional calibration algorithm to test the translation and detecting the rotation by calculating the change in the angle of the ellipse’s major axis. The experimental results show that the improved Mask R-CNN obtains an accuracy of 93.36% on a self-created dataset and also has some advantages on public datasets. Combining the improved Mask R-CNN and Deep SORT could fulfill the VIS with a low ID switching rate while successfully detecting movement information. The average detection errors of translation and rotation are 5.10% and 14.49%, respectively. This study provides an intelligent scheme for detecting movement information of rock particles.

Underwater sound pressure and particle motion (acceleration, velocity, and displacement) from recreational swimmers, divers, surfers, and kayakers

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1712-1712
Author(s):  
Christine Erbe ◽  
Miles Parsons ◽  
Alec J. Duncan ◽  
Klaus Lucke ◽  
Alexander Gavrilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Motion ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Underwater Sound

scholarly journals A sound approach to assessing the impact of underwater noise on marine fishes and invertebrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Hawkins ◽  
Arthur N. Popper
Keyword(s):  
Particle Motion ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Underwater Noise ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
The Impact

Increasing attention is being paid to the ecological consequences of underwater noise generated by human activities such as shipping and maritime industries including, but not limited to, oil and gas exploration and extraction, sonar systems, dredging and the construction of offshore renewable energy devices. There is particular concern over the extension of these activities into previously undeveloped areas of the oceans, including Polar Regions and areas of coral reef habitat. Most of the concern by regulators and others has focussed upon effects upon marine mammals and other protected species. However, examining the impacts upon the overall ecology of affected habitats is also important as it may be dominated by effects upon the far larger biomasses of fishes and invertebrates, which do not have the same degree of legal protection. Many of these assessments of the impact of noise on fishes and invertebrates have overlooked important issues, including the sensitivity of a substantial proportion of these species to particle motion rather than sound pressure. Attempts have been made to establish sound exposure criteria setting regulatory limits to the levels of noise in terms of effects upon mortality levels, injury to tissues, hearing abilities, behaviour, and physiology. However, such criteria have almost exclusively been developed for marine mammals. Criteria for fishes and invertebrates have often had to be assumed, or they have been derived from poorly designed and controlled studies. Moreover, the metrics employed to describe sounds from different sources have often been inappropriate, especially for fishes, and invertebrates, as they have been based on sound pressure rather than particle motion. In addition, the sound propagation models employed to assess the distances over which effects might occur have seldom been validated by actual measurements and are especially poor at dealing with transmission under shallow water conditions, close to or within the seabed, or at the surface. Finally, impacts on fish and invertebrate populations are often unknown and remain unassessed. This paper considers the problems of assessing the impact of noise upon fishes and invertebrates and the assessment procedures that need to be implemented to protect these animals and the marine ecosystems of which they form an integral part. The paper also suggests directions for future research and planning that, if implemented, will provide for a far better scientific and regulatory basis for dealing with effects of noise on aquatic life.

scholarly journals Offshore exposure experiments on cuttlefish indicate received sound pressure and particle motion levels associated with acoustic trauma

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Solé ◽  
Peter Sigray ◽  
Marc Lenoir ◽  
Mike van der Schaar ◽  
Emilia Lalander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Motion ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Acoustic Trauma

scholarly journals On the conversion between sound pressure and particle motion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Jansen ◽  
Mark Prior ◽  
Eef Brouns
Keyword(s):  
Particle Motion ◽  
Sound Pressure

Zebrafish can hear sound pressure and particle motion in a synthesized sound field

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Bretschneider ◽  
Herman van Veen ◽  
Peter F.M. Teunis ◽  
Robert C. Peters ◽  
Albert V. van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Particle Motion ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Respondent Conditioning ◽  
Sound Fields ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Separate Control ◽  
Sound Pulses

In order to investigate the hearing capacities of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio), wild type zebrafish were conditioned to both sound pressure and particle motion in a respondent conditioning paradigm. Sound fields were generated by five underwater loudspeakers in a cylindrical tank, which allows separate control of sound pressure and particle motion. Sound stimuli were soft-switched sound pulses having a strength (RMS) of 0.4 to 5 Pa sound pressure (112 to 134 dB re 1 μPa), 6.7 × 10−7 to 6.7 × 10−6 m/s particle velocity or a combination thereof. Frequencies used were 800 Hz or 250 Hz. During the test a fish was placed in the acoustic centre of the tank, confined in a soft nylon mesh fitted with two silver chloride recording electrodes to measure both changes in position and the ventilatory response. Each sound presentation was followed by a brief mechanical jerk of the fish cage (unconditioned stimulus). The startling response to the unconditioned stimulus was thus coupled to the sound signal (conditioned stimulus). Responses were scored as changes in fish position and/or ventilatory rhythm, occurring during or after the sound pulses, but before the unconditioned stimulus. In this way, we found that wildtype zebrafish respond to artificial sounds having either predominantly sound pressure or particle motion. Discrimination of directionally different sounds could not be established. The method is suited well to probe other auditory capabilities, and to test zebrafish mutants lacking one or more otoliths.

scholarly journals Auditory chain reaction: Effects of sound pressure and particle motion on auditory structures in fishes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0230578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Schulz-Mirbach ◽  
Friedrich Ladich ◽  
Alberto Mittone ◽  
Margie Olbinado ◽  
Alberto Bravin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Motion ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Chain Reaction
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