The role of envelope beat cues in the detection and discrimination of second-order amplitude modulation (L)

2003 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Füllgrabe ◽  
Christian Lorenzi
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Second Order

Synthesis and properties of a new second-order NLO chromophore containing the benzo[b]furan moiety for electro-optical materials

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (63) ◽  
pp. 33312-33318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maolin Zhang ◽  
Guowei Deng ◽  
Airui Zhang ◽  
Huajun Xu ◽  
Heyan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Furan Ring ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Donor Group ◽  
Nlo Chromophores ◽  
Furan Moiety

We have designed and synthesized a new chromophore having a 1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidine fused furan ring as the electron donor group to systematically investigate the role of the benzo[b]furan ring in NLO chromophores.

scholarly journals Relaxin induces rapid, transient vasodilation in the microcirculation of hamster skeletal muscle

2013 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan M Willcox ◽  
Alastair J S Summerlee ◽  
Coral L Murrant
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Channel Dependent ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

Relaxin produces a sustained decrease in total peripheral resistance, but the effects of relaxin on skeletal muscle arterioles, an important contributor to systemic resistance, are unknown. Using the intact, blood-perfused hamster cremaster muscle preparationin situ, we tested the effects of relaxin on skeletal muscle arteriolar microvasculature by applying 10−10 M relaxin to second-, third- and fourth-order arterioles and capillaries. The mechanisms responsible for relaxin-induced dilations were explored by applying 10−10 M relaxin to second-order arterioles in the presence of 10−5 M N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor), 10−5 M glibenclamide (GLIB, ATP-dependent potassium (K+) channel inhibitor), 10−3 M tetraethylammonium (TEA) or 10−7 M iberiotoxin (IBTX, calcium-associated K+channel inhibitor). Relaxin caused second- (peak change in diameter: 8.3±1.7 μm) and third (4.5±1.1 μm)-order arterioles to vasodilate transiently while fourth-order arterioles did not (0.01±0.04 μm). Relaxin-induced vasodilations were significantly inhibited byl-NAME, GLIB, TEA and IBTX. Relaxin stimulated capillaries to induce a vasodilation in upstream fourth-order arterioles (2.1±0.3 μm), indicating that relaxin can induce conducted responses vasodilation that travels through blood vessel walls via gap junctions. We confirmed gap junction involvement by showing that gap junction uncouplers (18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid (40×10−6 M) or 0.07% halothane) inhibited upstream vasodilations to localised relaxin stimulation of second-order arterioles. Therefore, relaxin produces transient NO- and K+channel-dependent vasodilations in skeletal muscle arterioles and stimulates capillaries to initiate conducted responses. The transient nature of the arteriolar dilation brings into question the role of skeletal muscle vascular beds in generating the sustained systemic haemodynamic effects induced by relaxin.

scholarly journals Second-Order Differential Operators in the Limit Circle Case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri R. Yafaev ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Differential Operators ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Spectral Measures ◽  
Limit Circle ◽  
Jacobi Operators ◽  
Limit Circle Case ◽  
Circle Case ◽  
Stieltjes Transforms

We consider symmetric second-order differential operators with real coefficients such that the corresponding differential equation is in the limit circle case at infinity. Our goal is to construct the theory of self-adjoint realizations of such operators by an analogy with the case of Jacobi operators. We introduce a new object, the quasiresolvent of the maximal operator, and use it to obtain a very explicit formula for the resolvents of all self-adjoint realizations. In particular, this yields a simple representation for the Cauchy-Stieltjes transforms of the spectral measures playing the role of the classical Nevanlinna formula in the theory of Jacobi operators.

On the role of second-order signals in the perceived direction of motion of Type II plaid patterns

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (19) ◽  
pp. 2609-2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Cropper ◽  
David R. Badcock ◽  
Anthony Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Type Ii

scholarly journals Itemformaat, differensiële itemskeefheid en die faktorstruktuur van 'n selfvoltooïngsvraelys

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Swart ◽  
G. Roodt ◽  
J. M. Schepers
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

The purpose of this study was twofold: Firstly an existing Workvalues questionnaire was evaluated against criteria for test construction; and secondly the role of differential item skewness in the grouping of second order factors, within this Workvalues questionnaire, was empirically investigated. The existing data of the Workvalues questionnaire, consisting of 110 items on a random sample of 8000 respondents, within a financial institution, was used for the empirical analysis. A first- and second order factor analysis was done on the items of the 2099 completed quiestionnaires. Three clearly differentiated second order factors with seemingly acceptable internal consistencies were identified. The results indicated that the items of the first second order factor, grouped together on the base of differential skewness. The items of the second and third scale were less skew and could be interpreted. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was tweeledig: Eerstens is 'n bestaande Werkwaardesvraelys teenoor kriteria vir toetskonstruksie geevalueer; en tweedens is die rol van differensiele itemskeefheid in die groepering van tweedeordefaktore van hierdie Werkwaardesvraelys empiries ondersoek. Die bestaande datastel van die Werkwaardesvraelys se 110 items, op 'n ewekansige steekproef van 8000 respondente in 'n finansiele instelling, is vir die empiriese ontleding gebruik. 'n Eerste- en tweedeordefaktorontleding is ten opsigte van die items van 2099 voltooide vraelyste uitgevoer en drie duidelik gedifferensieerde tweedeordefaktore met öenskynlike, aanneemlike interne konstanthede het na vore gekom. Resultate dui daarop dat items van die eerste tweedeordefaktor gegroepeer het op grond van differensiële skeefheid. Die items van die tweede en derde skaal was minder skeef en kon vertolk word.

The sociocybernetics of observation and reflexivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-510
Author(s):  
Bernard Scott
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Conceptual Overview

The aim of this article is to show how sociocybernetics can clarify and bring order to two key concepts in the social sciences: ‘observation’ and ‘reflexivity’. The article provides an introduction and conceptual overview of second order cybernetics, placing it in the larger context of cybernetics and systems sciences studies. Since its inception, in cybernetics the role of the observer has been paramount. It is the observer who distinguishes systems of interest. It is the observer who communicates her observations and theoretical interpretations to the wider community of other observers. Critically, as Heinz von Foerster emphasises, with second order cybernetics the observer, since she is herself an observing system, should ‘enter the domain of her own descriptions’. With her second order studies, she is explaining herself to herself. Reflexively, she is obliged to engage in self-observation. The article sets out some of the theoretical and methodological implications of these propositions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document