Stunt Barbie ‐ A Laboratory Practicum Combining Constant Velocity and Constant Acceleration

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-240
Author(s):  
Scott Hertting
Keyword(s):  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Constant Acceleration

IMM-UKF-TFS Model-based Approach for Intelligent Navigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malleswaran ◽  
V. Vaidehi ◽  
S. Irwin ◽  
B. Robin
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Interacting Multiple Model ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Novel Approach

This paper aims to introduce a novel approach named IMM-UKF-TFS (Interacting Multiple Model-Unscented Kalman Filter-Two Filter Smoother) to attain positional accuracy in the intelligent navigation of a manoeuvring vehicle. Here, the navigation filter is designed with an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), together with an Interacting Multiple Model algorithm (IMM), which estimates the state variables and handles the noise uncertainty of the manoeuvring vehicle. A model-based estimator named Two Filter Smoothing (TFS) is implemented along with the UKF-based IMM to improve positional accuracy. The performance of the proposed IMM-UKF-TFS method is verified by modelling the vehicle motion into Constant Velocity-Coordinated Turn (CV-CT), Constant Velocity – Constant Acceleration (CV-CA) and Constant Acceleration-Coordinated Turn (CA-CT) models. The simulation results proved that the proposed IMM-UKF-TFS gives better positional accuracy than the existing conventional estimators such as UKF and IMM-UKF.

scholarly journals The Onset Threshold of Cybersickness in Constant and Accelerating Optical Flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7808
Author(s):  
Jiwon Kim ◽  
Taezoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Rotational Axis ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Severe Nausea ◽  
Particle Field ◽  
Human Subject Experiment ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Subject Experiment

This study investigated the principal translational or rotational axis that evokes the most severe cybersickness by detecting constant velocity and acceleration thresholds on the onset of cybersickness. This human subject experiment with 16 participants used a 3D particle field with movement directions (lateral, vertical, yaw, or pitch) and motion profiles (constant velocity or constant acceleration). The results showed that the threshold of pitch optical flow was suggestively lower than that of the yaw, and the vertical threshold was significantly lower than the lateral. Still, there was no effect of scene movement on the level of cybersickness. In four trials, the threshold increased from the first to the second trial, but the rest remained the same as the second one. However, the level of cybersickness increased significantly between the trials on the same day. The disorientation-related symptoms occurred on the first trial day diminished before the second trial day, but the oculomotor-related symptoms accumulated over the days. Although there were no correlations between the threshold and total cybersickness severity, participants with a lower threshold experienced severe nausea. The experimental findings can be applied in designing motion profiles to reduce cybersickness by controlling the optical flow in virtual reality.

On the Discussion of the Damping Reduction Factors in the Constant Acceleration Region for ATC-40 and FEMA-273

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Yuan Lin ◽  
Meng-Hao Tsai ◽  
Kuo-Chun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Velocity Range ◽  
Acceleration Region ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Reduction Factors

According to the ATC-40 (1996) and FEMA-273 (1997) documents, the damping reduction factors for the constant acceleration range of the design response spectra are larger than those for the constant velocity range of those. This trend is contrary to the results obtained from several recent studies and may lead to underestimates of the high-damped design response spectra. This paper points out the issue and suggests further examinations of the factor in the constant acceleration region with potential revision to design practice.

Development of the Variable-Rate Transymmetric Motion With Discretely Vanishing Shock

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Rest Position ◽  
New Type ◽  
Velocity Motion

In industry when a link, crank, or other mechanical component is to be rotated from one rest position to another, it is necessary to establish appropriate functional relationships for angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration versus time such that the output motion satisfies certain kinematic and dynamic requirements. In the work presented here, a new type of motion is developed which has distinct advantages over constant velocity motion, constant acceleration motion, simple harmonic motion, cycloidal motion, and polynomial motions. The “variable-rate transymmetric” motion allows a designer to assign specific portions of the motion to be described by a linearly varying acceleration and other portions by a constant acceleration. As a result, the designer can decrease the power required, decrease the operating cost, and decrease dynamic responses such as shock, vibration, and shaking force.

ON THE PROLONG ATTACHMENT OF LEADING EDGE VORTEX ON A FLAPPING WING

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. LIM ◽  
C. J. TEO ◽  
K. B. LUA ◽  
K. S. YEO
Keyword(s):  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Leading Edge Vortex ◽  
Velocity Flow ◽  
Edge Vortex ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Spanwise Flow ◽  
Negligible Influence

In this paper, we take a fundamental approach to investigate the effect of spanwise flow on the prolonged attachment of leading edge vortex (LEV) on a flapping wing. By imposing a constant acceleration-constant velocity flow on elliptic wings of various sweep angles and angles of attack, our experimental and numerical results show that while spanwise flow per se has negligible influence on the prolong attachment of the LEV, vortex stretching can significantly delay detachment of the LEV, even for a small spanwise flow.

Dynamics of a Self-Propelling Wheel With Three Eccentric Masses

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhin K. Das ◽  
Ranjan Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Radial Spokes ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Variable Potential

Abstract This paper investigates the dynamics of a rolling disk with three unbalance masses that can slide along radial spokes equispaced in angular orientation. The objective is to design trajectories for the masses that satisfy physical constraints and enable the disk to accelerate or move with constant velocity. The disk is designed to remain vertically upright and is constrained to move along a straight line. We design trajectories for constant acceleration through detailed analysis using a dynamic model. The analysis considers two separate cases; one where the potential energy of the system is conserved, and the other where it continually varies. Whereas trajectories conserving potential energy are limacons, the variable potential energy trajectories are the most general and allow greater acceleration. Following the strategy for constant acceleration maneuvers, we give a simple approach to tracking an acceleration profile and provide simulation results.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of The Elevator Motion Based on The Object’s Apparent Weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Alfia Ulfa ◽  
◽  
Supeno Supeno ◽  
Singgih Bektiarso ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Accelerated Motion ◽  
Apparent Weight ◽  
Newton’S Law ◽  
Weight Data

This study aims to examine the characteristics of the lift motion based on apparent weight data. This type of research is quantitative research with a survey method. The results showed that the apparent weight change only occurred when the elevator started moving and just before it stopped, acceleration at the beginning of the motion and deceleration at the end of the motion. Elevator has two characteristics of motion; straight motion with constant velocity and straight motion with constant acceleration. Straight motion with constant acceleration consists of accelerated motion that occurs at the beginning of the elavator motion, and straight motion with constant acceleration slowed down at the end of the elevator motion. Meanwhile, straight motion with constant velocity occurs with a longer duration. This study's results have implications for learning physics, one of which can be used as data to develop learning resources for physics in the form of student worksheets. Keywords: Apparent weight, Elevator motion, Newton's law

Dynamic Effects on the Subjective Visual Vertical After Roll Rotation

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika N. Lorincz ◽  
Bernhard J. M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Subjective Visual Vertical ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Roll Tilt

We investigated in normal human subjects how semicircular canal and otolith signals interact in the estimation of the subjective visual vertical after constant velocity or constant acceleration roll tilt. In the constant velocity paradigm, subjects were rotated in darkness at ±60°/s for five complete cycles before being stopped in one of seven orientations ranging from 0 to ±90° (right/left ear down). In the constant acceleration paradigm, subjects were rotated with an acceleration of +30 or −30°/s2 to the same seven end positions between −90 and +90°, by way of passing once through the upside-down position. The subjective visual vertical was assessed by measuring the setting of a luminous line that appeared at different test delays after stop rotation in otherwise complete darkness. The data suggest that gravitational jerk signals generated by otolith–semicircular canal interactions and/or carried by phasic otolith signals are responsible for the observed transient bias in the estimation of the subjective visual vertical. This transient bias depended on both rotation and tilt direction after constant velocity rotations, but was almost abolished following constant acceleration rotations.

Coupled Thermoelasticity of Bars

1967 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. W. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Time History ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Coupled Thermoelasticity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Bar Velocity ◽  
Thermal Precursors

Several boundary-value problems for semi-infinite bars made of a coupled thermoelastic material are solved by means of new functions. These arise in the solutions as “corrections” to classical tabulated functions such as the error function. However, they are not always small compared to their uncoupled equivalents. It turns out that the numerical differences in the solutions of a specific problem are usually small. But interesting phenomena are still found. The stresses produced in the coupled material are larger than those in the uncoupled one. The temperature generated on the face during impact of identical specimens is less than one might expect on simple intuitive grounds. Its time history is also quite interesting. Stress, strain, and thermal precursors exist but they do not propagate at a unique speed, while discontinuities propagate at the isothermal bar velocity. It is found that there is not much difference between the surface temperatures generated in a constant-velocity problem and one in which a constant acceleration is imposed. The temperature gradients are, however, different in these two problems.

The application of feedback to an electromechanical transducer for seismograph testing*

1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
Pierre M. Honnell
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Resonance Peak ◽  
Constant Amplitude ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Platform Motion ◽  
Electromechanical Transducer ◽  
Velocity Response

Summary The application of feedback to an electromechanical transducer, or oscillating platform, designed for the testing of seismographs is described. Accruing advantages are the complete masking of the resonance peak in the transducer velocity response, and immunity of the platform motion to variations in mechanical loading by the seismographs undergoing test. The superiority of the feedback technique is shown by direct comparison with the operation of the transducer electrically damped by a short-circuited ring. The transducer constant-velocity output is easily converted to constant amplitude or constant acceleration by means of simple coupling networks.

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