Prototypes of self-powered radiation detectors employing intrinsic high-energy current

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Zygmanski ◽  
Suman Shrestha ◽  
Davide Briovio ◽  
Andrew Karellas ◽  
Erno Sajo
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Current ◽  
Self Powered

Single Crystal CVD Diamond Nuclear Detectors

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Manfredotti
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Diamond Films ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Cvd Diamond ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutron Spectrometry ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuclear Detectors

CVD diamond films have reached in recent years superlative improvements in their “ detector grade “ quality, with a time derivative which was never registered for other similar frontier materials. The basic properties of high quality CVD diamond films make them very interesting for a wide range of radiation detectors : they provide fast signals with very low leakage currents, they are very radiation resistant, they have excellent thermal properties and they can be manufactured as free-standing detectors. The recent availability of single crystal CVD diamond samples of extreme good quality, suitable thickness and surface area has opened new application fields in nuclear detection and dosimetry, such as, for instance, hadron therapy and neutron spectrometry in fusion reactors. At the same time, strip and pixel detectors of unprecedented performances have been successfully realized and exploited in the framework of high energy physics experiments. The paper will review the more recent history of CVD diamond nuclear detectors with respect to material quality, with a particular emphasis on epitaxial single crystals diamond, and the achievements in terms of applications in some different fields.

Silicon Material Growth for Nuclear Radiation Detectors

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Glasow ◽  
B. O. Kolbesen
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Particle Detectors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nuclear Radiation Detectors

As a base material for semiconductor devices, silicon is more widely used than any other semiconductor. The physical properties, in particular the bandgap which is significantly larger than that of germanium, makes the material extremely important for electronic devices. The world's total annual production of silicon is at present some 2000 t [1]. Compared with this, the 10 kg/year of silicon that is used for detectors is rather modest. However, since work on semiconductor radiation detectors started 25 years ago, silicon in addition to germanium forms the centre of interest as the basis for production of nuclear radiation spectrometers, mainly as high energy particle detectors, but also as X-ray detectors.

scholarly journals Quality Control and Structural Assessment of Anisotropic Scintillating Crystals

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Montalto ◽  
Pier Natali ◽  
Lorenzo Scalise ◽  
Nicola Paone ◽  
Fabrizio Davì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Light Production ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Stress States

Nowadays, radiation detectors based on scintillating crystals are used in many different fields of science like medicine, aerospace, high-energy physics, and security. The scintillating crystals are the core elements of these devices; by converting high-energy radiation into visible photons, they produce optical signals that can be detected and analyzed. Structural and surface conditions, defects, and residual stress states play a crucial role in their operating performance in terms of light production, transport, and extraction. Industrial production of such crystalline materials is a complex process that requires sensing, in-line and off-line, for material characterization and process control to properly tune the production parameters. Indeed, the scintillators’ quality must be accurately assessed during their manufacture in order to prevent malfunction and failures at each level of the chain, optimizing the production and utilization costs. This paper presents an overview of the techniques used, at various stages, across the crystal production process, to assess the quality and structural condition of anisotropic scintillating crystals. Different inspection techniques (XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM) and the non-invasive photoelasticity-based methods for residual stress detection, such as laser conoscopy and sphenoscopy, are presented. The use of XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM analytical methods offers detailed structural and morphological information. Conoscopy and sphenoscopy offer the advantages of fast and non-invasive measurement suitable for the inspection of the whole crystal quality. These techniques, based on different measurement methods and models, provide different information that can be cross-correlated to obtain a complete characterization of the scintillating crystals. Inspection methods will be analyzed and compared to the present state of the art.

A high-energy sandwich-type self-powered biosensor based on DNA bioconjugates and a nitrogen doped ultra-thin carbon shell

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Ting Wang ◽  
Yi-Han Wang ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Ke-Jing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Ultrasensitive Detection ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
Self Powered

A high-energy self-powered sensing platform for the ultrasensitive detection of proteins is developed based on enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) by using DNA bioconjugate assisted signal amplification.

Measurement of the Upper Limit of Vulnerability during Defibrillator Implantation can Substitute Defibrillation Threshold Measurement

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bessho ◽  
S. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Amiodarone Therapy ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Icd Implantation ◽  
Energy Current ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Upper Limit Of Vulnerability ◽  
Myocardial Injuries ◽  
Threshold Measurement

We investigated whether defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) could be measured more safely during defibrillator implantation by measuring the upper limit of vulnerability (ULV) without using any special equipment. Nonthoracotomy ICD implantation with endocardial leads was performed in 13 patients, and through the use of the ICD function itself, ULV and DFT were measured using the delayed four-episode up-down algorithm. Myocardial injures caused by high-energy current were assessed by electrocardiograms and serial CPK-MB. ULV was confirmed in all cases, and it strongly correlated with DFT. The average ULV was 5.9 ± 3.3J, while the average DFT was 7.9 ± 4.3J (r = 0.89, p < 0.0001, DFT = 1.20+1.14x ULV). The average ULV was thus significantly lower (p < 0.01). Although six patients were on amiodarone therapy, the strong correlation between ULV and DFT was also maintained (r = 0,97), p < 0.01) in these patients. In all cases, the CPK-MB failed to increase, and no myocardial injuries were detectable on electrocardiograms. We confirmed that ULV could be easily and safety measured during ICD implantation, and that ULV could be used instead of DFT.

Single Crystal CVD Diamond Detectors: Position and Temporal Response Measurements using a Synchrotron Microbeam Probe

2007 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Morse ◽  
Murielle Salomé ◽  
Eleni Berdermann ◽  
Michal Pomorski ◽  
James Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Charge Collection ◽  
Heavy Ion Physics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Single Crystal Diamond ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractUltrapure, homoeptaxially grown CVD single crystal diamond is a material with great potential for the fabrication of ionizing radiation detectors for high energy, heavy ion physics, and realtime dosimetry for radiotherapy. Only diamond has suitable transmission properties and can offer the required radiation hardness for synchrotron X-ray beam monitoring applications. We report on experiments made using a synchrotron X-ray microbeam probe to investigate the performance of single crystal diamonds operated as position sensitive, solid state ‘ionization chambers’. We show that for a wide range of electric fields >0.3Vµm−1, suitably prepared devices give excellent spatial response uniformity and time stability. With an applied field of 2Vµm−1 complete charge collection times are ∼1nsec for a diamond plate thickness of 100µm. Position sensitivity was obtained for an X-ray beam incident on the isolation gap between adjacent electrodes of a quadrant device: here, a crossover response region that results from charge carrier diffusion extends over ∼20µm. Using GHz bandwidth signal processing electronics, the signal charge collection process was measured with spatial and temporal resolutions of 1µm and <50ps.

Gamma Ray Detection with Cd0.9Zn0.1Te Based Detectors Grown Using a Te Solvent Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Chaudhuri ◽  
Kelvin J. Zavalla ◽  
Ramesh M. Krishna ◽  
Krishna C. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Alpha Spectroscopy ◽  
Planar Geometry ◽  
Pulse Height Spectrum ◽  
Infrared Transmission ◽  
Solvent Method ◽  
Ir Imaging

ABSTRACTCd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT) single crystal has been grown using a tellurium solvent method. Two CZT crystals have been chosen from two different locations of the grown ingot. The two crystals were characterized using infrared transmission (IR) imaging and radiation detectors in planar geometry were fabricated on them. Current-voltage characteristics (I-V) revealed a resistivity of ∼8.6×1010 Ω−cm for detector A (6.9×6.9×4.8 mm3) and 6.7×1010 Ω−cm for detector B (11.5×11.7×2.6 mm3). IR imaging showed a lesser concentration of Te inclusions/precipitates in detector A. The transport properties viz., electron drift-mobility and electron mobility-lifetime product were measured using alpha spectroscopy in these detectors in a planar configuration. Detector A showed better charge transport properties compared to detector B. The superior transport properties of crystal A were reflected in the spectroscopic properties of the detectors. Gamma pulse height measurements using a 241Am isotope revealed an energy resolution of ∼5 % for detector A and ∼7 % for detector B. A digital spectrometer and a biparametric correction scheme was incorporated to recover the pulse height spectrum of high energy gamma rays (137Cs source) from the effect of poor hole movement.

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