MO-E-351-03: Functional MRI for Assessment of Treatment Response and Normal Tissue Toxicity

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6Part19) ◽  
pp. 2877-2878
Author(s):  
Y Cao
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Normal Tissue Toxicity

Modulation of the Rho/ROCK Pathway in Heart and Lung after Thorax Irradiation Reveals Targets to Improve Normal Tissue Toxicity

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Monceau ◽  
Nadia Pasinetti ◽  
Charlotte Schupp ◽  
Fred Pouzoulet ◽  
Paule Opolon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Normal Tissue Toxicity

Resveratrol as an Adjuvant for Normal Tissues Protection and Tumor Sensitization

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keywan Mortezaee ◽  
Masoud Najafi ◽  
Bagher Farhood ◽  
Amirhossein Ahmadi ◽  
Dheyauldeen Shabeeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Normal Tissue Toxicity

Cancer is one of the most complicated diseases in present-day medical science. Yearly, several studies suggest various strategies for preventing carcinogenesis. Furthermore, experiments for the treatment of cancer with low side effects are ongoing. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are the most common non-invasive strategies for cancer treatment. One of the most challenging issues encountered with these modalities is low effectiveness, as well as normal tissue toxicity for chemo-radiation therapy. The use of some agents as adjuvants has been suggested to improve tumor responses and also alleviate normal tissue toxicity. Resveratrol, a natural flavonoid, has attracted a lot of attention for the management of both tumor and normal tissue responses to various modalities of cancer therapy. As an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, in vitro and in vivo studies show that it is able to mitigate chemo-radiation toxicity in normal tissues. However, clinical studies to confirm the usage of resveratrol as a chemo-radioprotector are lacking. In addition, it can sensitize various types of cancer cells to both chemotherapy drugs and radiation. In recent years, some clinical studies suggested that resveratrol may have an effect on inducing cancer cell killing. Yet, clinical translation of resveratrol has not yielded desirable results for the combination of resveratrol with radiotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the potential role of resveratrol for preserving normal tissues and sensitization of cancer cells in combination with different cancer treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Radioimmunotherapy of PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer xenografts in NOD/SCID or NRG mice with Panitumumab labeled with Auger electron emitting, 111In or β-particle emitting, 177Lu

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Aghevlian ◽  
Zhongli Cai ◽  
David Hedley ◽  
Mitchell A. Winnik ◽  
Raymond M. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Clonogenic Survival ◽  
Scid Mice ◽  
Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Normal Tissue Toxicity

Abstract Background Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are overexpressed on > 90% of pancreatic cancers (PnCa) and represent an attractive target for the development of novel therapies, including radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Our aim was to study RIT of subcutaneous (s.c.) PANC-1 human PnCa xenografts in mice using the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, panitumumab labeled with Auger electron (AE)-emitting, 111In or β-particle emitting, 177Lu at amounts that were non-toxic to normal tissues. Results Panitumumab was conjugated to DOTA chelators for complexing 111In or 177Lu (panitumumab-DOTA-[111In]In and panitumumab-DOTA-[177Lu]Lu) or to a metal-chelating polymer (MCP) with multiple DOTA to bind 111In (panitumumab-MCP-[111In]In). Panitumumab-DOTA-[177Lu]Lu was more effective per MBq exposure at reducing the clonogenic survival in vitro of PANC-1 cells than panitumumab-DOTA-[111In]In or panitumumab-MCP-[111In]In. Panitumumab-DOTA-[177Lu]Lu caused the greatest density of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the nucleus measured by immunofluorescence for γ-H2AX. The absorbed dose in the nucleus was 3.9-fold higher for panitumumab-DOTA-[177Lu]Lu than panitumumab-DOTA-[111In]In and 7.7-fold greater than panitumumab-MCP-[111In]In. No normal tissue toxicity was observed in NOD/SCID mice injected intravenously (i.v.) with 10.0 MBq (10 μg; ~ 0.07 nmoles) of panitumumab-DOTA-[111In]In or panitumumab-MCP-[111In]In or in NRG mice injected i.v. with 6.0 MBq (10 μg; ~ 0.07 nmoles) of panitumumab-DOTA-[177Lu]Lu. There was no decrease in complete blood cell counts (CBC) or increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or creatinine (Cr) or decreased body weight. RIT inhibited the growth of PANC-1 tumours but a 5-fold greater total amount of panitumumab-DOTA-[111In]In or panitumumab-MCP-[111In]In (30 MBq; 30 μg; ~ 0.21 nmoles) administered in three fractionated amounts every three weeks was required to achieve greater or equivalent tumour growth inhibition, respectively, compared to a single amount of panitumumab-DOTA-[177Lu]Lu (6 MBq; 10 μg; ~ 0.07 nmoles). The tumour doubling time (TDT) for NOD/SCID mice with s.c. PANC-1 tumours treated with panitumumab-DOTA-[111In]In or panitumumab-MCP-[111In]In was 51.8 days and 28.1 days, respectively. Panitumumab was ineffective yielding a TDT of 15.3 days vs. 15.6 days for normal saline treated mice. RIT of NRG mice with s.c. PANC-1 tumours with 6.0 MBq (10 μg; ~ 0.07 nmoles) of panitumumab-DOTA-[177Lu]Lu increased the TDT to 20.9 days vs. 11.5 days for panitumumab and 9.1 days for normal saline. The absorbed doses in PANC-1 tumours were 8.8 ± 3.0 Gy and 2.6 ± 0.3 Gy for panitumumab-DOTA-[111In]In and panitumumab-MCP-[111In]In, respectively, and 11.6 ± 4.9 Gy for panitumumab-DOTA-[177Lu]Lu. Conclusion RIT with panitumumab labeled with Auger electron-emitting, 111In or β-particle-emitting, 177Lu inhibited the growth of s.c. PANC-1 tumours in NOD/SCID or NRG mice, at administered amounts that caused no normal tissue toxicity. We conclude that EGFR-targeted RIT is a promising approach to treatment of PnCa.

scholarly journals Anti-oxidant vitamins reduce normal tissue toxicity induced by radio-immunotherapy

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalyn D. Blumenthal ◽  
Walter Lew ◽  
Albert Reising ◽  
Danielle Soyne ◽  
Lou Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Normal Tissue Toxicity ◽  
Anti Oxidant

scholarly journals Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy-Related Wound Morbidity in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Perspectives for Radioprotective Agents

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2258
Author(s):  
Cameron M. Callaghan ◽  
M. M. Hasibuzzaman ◽  
Samuel N. Rodman ◽  
Jessica E. Goetz ◽  
Kranti A. Mapuskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Normal Tissue Toxicity ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Intensity Radiation

Historically, patients with localized soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities would undergo limb amputation. It was subsequently determined that the addition of radiation therapy (RT) delivered prior to (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) a limb-sparing surgical resection yielded equivalent survival outcomes to amputation in appropriate patients. Generally, neoadjuvant radiation offers decreased volume and dose of high-intensity radiation to normal tissue and increased chance of achieving negative surgical margins—but also increases wound healing complications when compared to adjuvant radiotherapy. This review elaborates on the current neoadjuvant/adjuvant RT approaches, wound healing complications in STS, and the potential application of novel radioprotective agents to minimize radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity.

scholarly journals The abscopal effect 67 years later: from a side story to center stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1109) ◽  
pp. 20200042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Demaria ◽  
Silvia C Formenti
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Abscopal Effect ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Normal Tissue Toxicity ◽  
Canonical Pathways ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

For over a century, ionising radiation has been used to treat cancer based on its cytotoxic effects on tumour cells. Technical progress has enabled more precise targeting of the tumour to reduce normal tissue toxicity while delivering higher radiation doses per fraction of treatment. In 1953, unexpected regression in lesions outside of the irradiated field were noted by an observant physician, RH Mole, who named such phenomenon “abscopal effect” from the Latin ab (position away from) and scopus (mark or target), in an article published in this journal. Clinical abscopal responses have been reported over the years but because of their very rare occurrence they could not be methodically studied, remaining akin to a curiosity. Nevertheless, their occurrence has ignited interest in studying the systemic effects of radiotherapy. Progress in dissecting the mechanisms that govern the function of the immune system in cancer has enabled to study the implication of immunity in the abscopal effect of radiation. It has become clear that ionising radiation activates canonical pathways of response to viral infections, and can stimulate antitumour immunity. These immune stimulatory effects of radiation have become clinically relevant in the current era of cancer immunotherapy, rendering abscopal responses in patients an attainable aim. Here, we will briefly review the parallel evolutions of two separate fields of medicine, radiation therapy and cancer immunology, and discuss their therapeutic partnership.

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