SU-CC-ValA-06: A Novel Approach to Assessing Breast Density Utilizing Sound Speed Measurements

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (6Part2) ◽  
pp. 1983-1983
Author(s):  
C Glide ◽  
N Duric ◽  
P Littrup
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Novel Approach

scholarly journals Whole Breast Sound Speed Measurement from US Tomography Correlates Strongly with Volumetric Breast Density from Mammography

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-451
Author(s):  
Mark Sak ◽  
Peter Littrup ◽  
Rachel Brem ◽  
Neb Duric
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Dense Tissue ◽  
Screening Mammograms

Abstract Objective To assess the feasibility of using tissue sound speed as a quantitative marker of breast density. Methods This study was carried out under an Institutional Review Board–approved protocol (written consent required). Imaging data were selected retrospectively based on the availability of US tomography (UST) exams, screening mammograms with volumetric breast density data, patient age of 18 to 80 years, and weight less than 300 lbs. Sound speed images from the UST exams were used to measure the volume of dense tissue, the volume averaged sound speed (VASS), and the percent of high sound speed tissue (PHSST). The mammographic breast density and volume of dense tissue were estimated with three-dimensional (3D) software. Differences in volumes were assessed with paired t-tests. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the strength of the correlations between the mammographic and UST assessments of breast density. Results A total of 100 UST and 3D mammographic data sets met the selection criteria. The resulting measurements showed that UST measured a more than 2-fold larger volume of dense tissue compared to mammography. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). A strong correlation of rS = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79–0.90) between 3D mammographic breast density (BD) and the VASS was noted. This correlation is significantly stronger than those reported in previous two-dimensional studies (rS = 0.85 vs rS = 0.71). A similar correlation was found for PHSST and mammographic BD with rS = 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80–0.90). Conclusion The strong correlations between UST parameters and 3D mammographic BD suggest that breast sound speed should be further studied as a potential new marker for inclusion in clinical risk models.

Novel approach to evaluating breast density utilizing ultrasound tomography

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 744-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carri Glide ◽  
Nebojsa Duric ◽  
Peter Littrup
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Ultrasound Tomography ◽  
Novel Approach

scholarly journals Determinants of the reliability of ultrasound tomography sound speed estimates as a surrogate for volumetric breast density

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 5671-5678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeina G. Khodr ◽  
Mark A. Sak ◽  
Ruth M. Pfeiffer ◽  
Nebojsa Duric ◽  
Peter Littrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Ultrasound Tomography

TH-D-M100J-06: Evaluation of Breast Density Using Sound Speed Measurements

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (6Part23) ◽  
pp. 2639-2639
Author(s):  
C Glide ◽  
N Duric ◽  
P Littrup
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Sound Speed

scholarly journals Decadal Spatiotemporal Halocline Analysis by ISAS15 Due to Influx of Major Rivers in Oceans and Discrepancies Illustrated Near the Bay of Bengal

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2886
Author(s):  
Kashif Iqbal ◽  
Shengchun Piao ◽  
Minghui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Yangtze Estuary ◽  
Argo Data ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Ocean Salinity ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Major Factors

The discharge from rivers is one of the major factors of regional salinity perturbations in addition to precipitation, evaporation, and circulation of the ocean, whereas simulations regarding the marine environment are dominantly affected by ocean salinity. Moreover, perturbations in the timing and quantity of freshwater cause salinity fluctuations, which in turn, affect the communities of both plant and fauna. In this regard, the study ingeniously employs In Situ Analysis System-15 (ISAS15) data, which is freely available online, to ascertain the salinities in proximity of the major rivers around the globe. Such computations are multilayered, i.e., for 1, 3, 5, and 10 m, and conducted along major freshwater influxes, i.e., the Amazon River, Bay of Bengal (BoB), and Yangtze River, on decadal scales, i.e., in 2004 and in 2014. Depending upon the location and availability of ISAS-15 data, the area in proximity of the Amazon is analyzed horizontally, vertically, and obliquely, whereas the areas in proximity of the BoB and Yangtze estuary are analyzed vertically and obliquely. Similarly, the study analyzed the freshwater influx at the aforementioned locations both for the maxima and minima, i.e., during the particular months that observed the maximum and minimum influx into the ocean from the above-mentioned freshwater sources in 2004, as well as in 2014. The detailed analysis proved the outcomes to be conforming with the documented literary data along the Amazon and Yangtze estuaries. However, the computed analysis illustrated the anomalous values in proximity of the BoB. The study proceeds to discuss an ingenious approach of computing, as well as extrapolating, the salinities, temperatures, and sound speed profiles (SSPs) by employing in situ deep Argo data in order to counter such anomalies, as well as conjoin it with ISAS data, to investigate such regions with broader spatiotemporal capabilities for the future course of action. For this particular study, this method is employed on certain Argo buoys in order to prove the efficacy of the aforementioned novel approach.

Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3705-3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avani Vyas ◽  
Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽  
Kirill Kiselyov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Platinum Resistance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Copper Chelation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

Collecting Words: A Clinical Example of a Morphology-Focused Orthographic Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Murphy ◽  
Emily A. Diehm
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Morphological Knowledge ◽  
English Orthography ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
The One ◽  
Critical Intervention ◽  
Reading And Spelling ◽  
Reading And Spelling Difficulties

Purpose Morphological interventions promote gains in morphological knowledge and in other oral and written language skills (e.g., phonological awareness, vocabulary, reading, and spelling), yet we have a limited understanding of critical intervention features. In this clinical focus article, we describe a relatively novel approach to teaching morphology that considers its role as the key organizing principle of English orthography. We also present a clinical example of such an intervention delivered during a summer camp at a university speech and hearing clinic. Method Graduate speech-language pathology students provided a 6-week morphology-focused orthographic intervention to children in first through fourth grade ( n = 10) who demonstrated word-level reading and spelling difficulties. The intervention focused children's attention on morphological families, teaching how morphology is interrelated with phonology and etymology in English orthography. Results Comparing pre- and posttest scores, children demonstrated improvement in reading and/or spelling abilities, with the largest gains observed in spelling affixes within polymorphemic words. Children and their caregivers reacted positively to the intervention. Therefore, data from the camp offer preliminary support for teaching morphology within the context of written words, and the intervention appears to be a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing morphological knowledge, reading, and spelling. Conclusion Children with word-level reading and spelling difficulties may benefit from a morphology-focused orthographic intervention, such as the one described here. Research on the approach is warranted, and clinicians are encouraged to explore its possible effectiveness in their practice. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12290687

Mandate Suggested for Breast Density Reporting

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (19) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
MARY ELLEN SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density
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