Photo-Optical Instrumentation System In Automobile Safety Research

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ishisaka
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Safety ◽  
Optical Instrumentation ◽  
Safety Research

Upper Body Kinematics of Relaxed Volunteers, Braced Volunteers, Hybrid III ATD, and PMHS in Low-Speed Frontal Sled Tests

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Beeman ◽  
Andrew R. Kemper ◽  
Michael L. Madigan ◽  
Stefan M. Duma
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Automobile Safety ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Hybrid Iii

Human occupant responses in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are commonly predicted and evaluated in a laboratory using surrogates including human volunteers, anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), and post mortem human surrogates (PMHSs) [1]. The ultimate goal of these surrogates is to demonstrate a similar response to humans in MVCs that can be used to evaluate human tolerance and enhance vehicle design and safety. The distinguishing attribute of human volunteers that non-human surrogates do not currently possess is the combination of identical human anthropometry, anatomy, and physiologic response of the target population, including resting muscle tone and active bracing capabilities. All human volunteer laboratory testing must be performed at sub-injurious levels due to ethical constraints, while non-human surrogates can be used to examine injurious or traumatic events. Given the capabilities and shortcomings of each surrogate in automobile safety research, performing matched tests with these surrogates can aid in the understanding of the biomechanical response of humans in an impact environment, leading to improvements in ATD design and increased efficacy of safety devices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate volunteer, ATD, and PMHS occupant kinematic responses in matched low-speed frontal sled tests.

Constructing Crashworthiness. The Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) Program and the Global Renegotiation of Automobile Safety in the 1970s / Die Konstruktion von „Crashworthiness”. Das Experimental-Safety-Vehicle-(ESV)-Programm und die globale Neuverhandlung automobiler Sicherheit in den 1970er Jahren

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-42
Author(s):  
Stefan Esselborn
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
Automobile Safety ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Dominant Paradigm ◽  
The U.S

The article proposes to take a fresh look at the global ascent of “crashworthiness” as a “dominant paradigm” (Peter Norton) of automobile safety by focusing on the so-called Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) program of the early 1970s. Initiated by the U.S. Department of Transport (DOT) and internationalized through the newly created NATO Committee for the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS), the scheme ultimately came to involve the governments of all major car-producing countries, as well as practically all relevant automobile corporations in the capitalist “West”. The ESV program provided a significant boost to automobile safety research and contributed to the professionalization, institutionalization and standardization of the field. It also supplied a platform for a transnational re-negotiation of the distribution of responsibility for automobile safety, in which differences between engineering cultures and user perceptions in North American and Europe/Japan came to the fore. In this context, the experimental prototypes functioned as “evidence objects”, which different actors could use to generate and validate technical knowledge, but also to make economic and political arguments. By serving as material anchorage points for a transnational techno-political debate, the ESVs played an important part in shaping the way in which the challenge of “crashworthiness” influenced automobile safety practices worldwide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document