A Display Based On Switchable Zero Order Diffraction Grating Light Valves

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine A. Steir ◽  
Jan A. Rajchman ◽  
John Melngailis ◽  
Deborah A. Summa
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Order Diffraction

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE METHOD OF DIRECT LASER WRITING OF OPTICAL ELEMENTS WITH BINARY HIGH-CONTRAST AMPLITUDE-PHASE TRANSMISSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Victor P. Korolkov ◽  
Andrey G. Sedukhin ◽  
Nikita A. Gurin ◽  
Anatoliy I. Malyshev
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structure ◽  
Chromium Film ◽  
Order Diffraction ◽  
Direct Laser

A method is proposed for formation on one substrate of two superimposed optical structures - a binary phase structure and an analog high-contrast amplitude structure made on a thick chromium film in the form of a regular two-dimensional zero-order diffraction grating with a variable fill-factor of cells. A numerical and experimental study of this method is carried out as applied to an optical transparency for generating the structure of a gamma-coupled laser beam. The quality of a high-contrast structure, suitable for practical application, was experimentally achieved, with an optical density of a chromium film of about 4.3, when measured at a wavelength of 532 nm, and with a minimum size of transparent and opaque windows of the order of 1x1 μm. This method can be used to synthesize amplitude-phase transparencies with a large alternating range of change in the amplitude optical transmittance, with a relatively slow (smooth) change in the transmittance (with the carrier spatial frequency of the amplitude modulation determined by the period of the above two-dimensional zero-order diffraction grating).

The splitting mechanism of zero order diffraction pattern by roof prisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-375
Author(s):  
Lu Jinjun ◽  
Sun Xueping ◽  
Zhu Weibing
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Order Diffraction

scholarly journals The golden age of arthropods: ancient mechanisms of colour production in body scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (159) ◽  
pp. 20190366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana D'Alba ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Bram Vanthournout ◽  
Matthew D. Shawkey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Finite Domain ◽  
Colour Measurement ◽  
Optical Modelling ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
Early Origin

Insect colour is extremely diverse and produced by a large number of pigmentary and nanostructural mechanisms. Considerable research has been dedicated to these optical mechanisms, with most of it focused on chromatic colours, such as blues and greens, and less on achromatic colours like white and gold. Moreover, studies on the evolution of these colours are less common and largely limited to inferences from extant organisms, in part because of the limited amount and types of available fossil material. Here, we directly compare nanostructure and colour of extant and amber-preserved (approx. 15 and 99 Myr old, respectively) gold-coloured representatives of micromoths (Lepidoptera: Micropterigidae) and springtails (Collembola: Tomoceridae). Using electron microscopy, microspectrophotometry and finite domain time difference optical modelling, we show that golden coloration in the extant micromoth is produced by nanometre-scale crossribs that function as zero-order diffraction gratings and in the springtail by a diffraction grating without crossribs. Surprisingly, nanostructure and thus predicted colour of the amber-preserved specimens were nearly identical to those of their extant counterparts. Removal of amber enabled direct colour measurement of the fossil micromoth and further revealed that its colour matched both that of the extant specimen and the predicted colour, providing further support for our optical models. Our data thus clearly show an early origin and striking conservation of scale nanostructures and golden coloration, suggesting strong selection pressure either on the colour itself or on the mechanisms that produce the colour. Furthermore, we show the thus-far untapped potential for the use of amber-preserved specimens in studies on the evolution of organismal coloration.

Effect of Phase-Shifting Error on Deformation Evaluation Using Phase-Shifting Digital Holography

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Xin Kang ◽  
Xiao Yuan He ◽  
Cho Jui Tay ◽  
C. Quan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Digital Holography ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
Phase Shifting Technique ◽  
Order Diffraction

Phase-shifting technique is an effect way to suppress the zero order diffraction and the conjugate term in digital holography. However the phase-shifting error will influence inevitably the evaluation precision in practice operation. In this paper, the deformation evaluation errors by means of two kinds of four-step phase-shifting algorithms, which are in common use in digital holography, are analyzed and compared by computer simulation. In addition, the phase-shifting errors may cumulate or not according to different phase-shifting techniques, and both cases are considered in this paper. The results based on the digital in-line holography show that the two four-step phase-shifting algorithms possess different sensitivity to the phase-shifting errors, and the preferable one, which is more immune to the phase-shifting errors, is educed in conclusion.

Fast mask CD uniformity measurement using zero order diffraction from memory array pattern

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinseok Heo ◽  
Jinhong Park ◽  
Jeongho Yeo ◽  
Seongwoon Choi ◽  
Woosung Han
Keyword(s):  
Zero Order ◽  
Memory Array ◽  
Array Pattern ◽  
Order Diffraction

scholarly journals The study of color digital holography free from the zero-order diffraction interruption

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 034204
Author(s):  
Fan Ze-Bin ◽  
Song Qing-He ◽  
Li Jun-Chang ◽  
Tankam Patrice ◽  
Picart Pascal
Keyword(s):  
Digital Holography ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Order Diffraction
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