Development of a non-invasive LED based device for adipose tissue thickness measurements in vivo

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Volceka ◽  
D. Jakovels ◽  
Z. Arina ◽  
J. Zaharans ◽  
E. Kviesis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Thickness Measurements

scholarly journals Noninvasive evaluation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity with near-infrared spectroscopy: correcting for blood volume changes

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence E. Ryan ◽  
Melissa L. Erickson ◽  
Jared T. Brizendine ◽  
Hui-Ju Young ◽  
Kevin K. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Mitochondrial Capacity

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a well-known method used to measure muscle oxygenation and hemodynamics in vivo. The application of arterial occlusions allows for the assessment of muscle oxygen consumption (mV̇o2) using NIRS. The aim of this study was to measure skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity using blood volume-corrected NIRS signals that represent oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin (HHb). We also assessed the reliability and reproducibility of NIRS measurements of resting oxygen consumption and mitochondrial capacity. Twenty-four subjects, including four with chronic spinal cord injury, were tested using either the vastus lateralis or gastrocnemius muscles. Ten healthy, able-bodied subjects were tested on two occasions within a period of 7 days to assess the reliability and reproducibility. NIRS signals were corrected for blood volume changes using three different methods. Resting oxygen consumption had a mean coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.4% (range 1–32%). The recovery of oxygen consumption (mV̇o2) after electrical stimulation at 4 Hz was fit to an exponential curve, which represents mitochondrial capacity. The time constant for the recovery of mV̇o2was reproducible with a mean CV of 10% (range 1–22%) only when correcting for blood volume changes. We also examined the effects of adipose tissue thickness on measurements of mV̇o2. We found the mV̇o2measurements using absolute units to be influenced by adipose tissue thickness (ATT), and this relationship was removed when an ischemic calibration was performed, supporting its use to compare mV̇o2between individuals of varying ATT. In conclusion, in vivo oxidative capacity can be assessed using blood volume-corrected NIRS signals with a high degree of reliability and reproducibility.

Adipose tissue thickness affects in vivo quantitative near-IR spectroscopy in human skeletal muscle

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. P. VAN BEEKVELT ◽  
M. S. BORGHUIS ◽  
B. G. M. VAN ENGELEN ◽  
R. A. WEVERS ◽  
W. N. J. M. COLIER
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Near Ir

The influence of adipose tissue thickness (ATT) on near-IR spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements in vivo was studied in the human flexor digitorum superficialis muscle at rest and during sustained isometric handgrip exercise. NIRS was used for the quantitative measurement of muscle O2 consumption (mVo2) and forearm blood flow (FBF) in 78 healthy subjects. Skinfold thickness ranged from 1.4 to 8.9 mm within the group. Resting mVo2 was 0.11±0.04 ml of O2 min-1 100 g-1, and FBF was 1.28±0.82 ml min-1 100 ml-1. There was a negative correlation (r =-0.70, P ≤ 0.01), indicating a decrease in mVo2 with increasing ATT. mVo2 in the 10 leanest subjects appeared to be twice as high as that in the 10 subjects with the highest ATT. A poor correlation (r = 0.29, P ≤ 0.01) was found between ATT and FBF. The gender difference that we found for mVo2 was due to the difference in ATT between female and male subjects. No correlation was found between maximum voluntary contraction and mVo2, nor between maximum voluntary contraction and ATT, indicating that the contraction force did not confound our results. These results show that ATT has a substantial confounding influence on in vivo NIRS measurements, and that it is essential to incorporate this factor into future NIRS muscle studies in order to justify comparisons between different groups. To facilitate such comparisons, upper and lower boundaries for normal values of mVo2 and FBF in relation to ATT are presented.

scholarly journals New System Delivering Microwaves Energy for Inducing Subcutaneous Fat Reduction: In - Vivo Histological and Ultrastructural Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 2991-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Zerbinati ◽  
Edoardo D’Este ◽  
Antonia Icaro Cornaglia ◽  
Federica Riva ◽  
Aurora Farina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
New Device ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been developed a new technology for the reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue through a non-invasive treatment by microwaves. The main objective of the present study is to demonstrate the feasibility of utilising a non-invasive, localised microwaves (MW) device to induce thermal modifications into subcutaneous adipose tissue only by a controlled electromagnetic field that heats up fat preferentially. This device is provided with a special handpiece appropriately cooled, directly contacting the cutaneous surface of the body, which provides a calibrated energy transfer by microwaves. AIM: In this paper, microscopic and ultrastructural modifications of subcutaneous adipose tissue induced by microwaves irradiation are evaluated. METHODS: Our experimental plan was designed for collecting biopsy samples, for each skin region treated with a single irradiation session, 1) before treatment (control), 2) immediately after treatment, 3) after 6 hrs, 4) after 1 month, 5) after 2 months. Bioptic samples from each step were processed for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. At the same time, each region where biopsies were collected was subjected to ultrasound examination. Recorded images permitted to evaluate the thickness of different layers as epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, connective fasciae, until to muscle layer, and related modifications induced by treatment. RESULTS: In every biopsy collected at different time-steps, epidermis and superficial dermis appeared not modified compared to control. Differently, already in the short-term biopsies, in the deep dermis and superficial hypodermis, fibrillar connective tissue appeared modified, showing reduction and fragmentation of interlobular collagen septa. The most important adipose tissue modifications were detectable following 1 month from treatment, with a significant reduction of subcutaneous fat, participating both the lysis of many adipocytes and the related phagocytic action of monocytes/macrophages on residuals of compromised structures of adipocytes. In the samples collected two months following treatment, the remnants of adipose tissue appeared normal, and macrophages were completely absent. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound, microscopic and ultrastructural evidence are supporting significant effectiveness of the new device treatment in the reduction of subcutaneous fat. In this paper, the possible mechanisms involved in the activation of the monocytes/macrophages system responsible for the removal of adipocytes residuals have also been discussed.

Adipose tissue thickness affects in vivo quantitative near-IR spectroscopy in human skeletal muscle

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.P. VAN BEEKVELT ◽  
M.S. BORGHUIS ◽  
B.G.M. VAN ENGELEN ◽  
R.A. WEVERS ◽  
W.N.J.M. COLIER
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Near Ir

scholarly journals Non-Invasive In Vivo Detection of Peripheral Limb Ischemia Improvement in the Rat After Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cell Transplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalinda Madonna ◽  
Stefano Delli Pizzi ◽  
Luigino Di Donato ◽  
Alessandro Mariotti ◽  
Luigi Di Carlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
In Vivo Detection

In vivo facial soft tissue thickness measurements for Turkish Subadults

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Bulut ◽  
Namik Kemal Altinbas ◽  
Havva Akmaz Unlu ◽  
Ismail Hizliol ◽  
Taner Bora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

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