Quantum algorithms for the Jones polynomial and Khovanov homology

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis H. Kauffman ◽  
Samuel J. Lomonaco
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Algorithms ◽  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Khovanov Homology

scholarly journals The Jones polynomial: quantum algorithms and applications in quantum complexity theory

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 147-180
Author(s):  
P. Wocjan ◽  
J. Yard
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computation ◽  
Braid Group ◽  
Quantum Algorithms ◽  
Primitive Root ◽  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Tutte Polynomial ◽  
Roots Of Unity ◽  
Complete Problems ◽  
Primitive Roots ◽  
Quantum Complexity

We analyze relationships between quantum computation and a family of generalizations of the Jones polynomial. Extending recent work by Aharonov et al., we give efficient quantum circuits for implementing the unitary Jones-Wenzl representations of the braid group. We use these to provide new quantum algorithms for approximately evaluating a family of specializations of the HOMFLYPT two-variable polynomial of trace closures of braids. We also give algorithms for approximating the Jones polynomial of a general class of closures of braids at roots of unity. Next we provide a self-contained proof of a result of Freedman et al.\ that any quantum computation can be replaced by an additive approximation of the Jones polynomial, evaluated at almost any primitive root of unity. Our proof encodes two-qubit unitaries into the rectangular representation of the eight-strand braid group. We then give QCMA-complete and PSPACE-complete problems which are based on braids. We conclude with direct proofs that evaluating the Jones polynomial of the plat closure at most primitive roots of unity is a \#P-hard problem, while learning its most significant bit is PP-hard, circumventing the usual route through the Tutte polynomial and graph coloring.

scholarly journals Khovanov Homology of Three-Strand Braid Links

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Young Kwun ◽  
Abdul Nizami ◽  
Mobeen Munir ◽  
Zaffar Iqbal ◽  
Dishya Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Euler Characteristic ◽  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Khovanov Homology ◽  
Homology Groups ◽  
Link Invariants ◽  
Chain Complexes ◽  
Chain Homotopy

Khovanov homology is a categorication of the Jones polynomial. It consists of graded chain complexes which, up to chain homotopy, are link invariants, and whose graded Euler characteristic is equal to the Jones polynomial of the link. In this article we give some Khovanov homology groups of 3-strand braid links Δ 2 k + 1 = x 1 2 k + 2 x 2 x 1 2 x 2 2 x 1 2 ⋯ x 2 2 x 1 2 x 1 2 , Δ 2 k + 1 x 2 , and Δ 2 k + 1 x 1 , where Δ is the Garside element x 1 x 2 x 1 , and which are three out of all six classes of the general braid x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2 ⋯ with n factors.

A generalized skein relation for Khovanov homology and a categorification of the θ-invariant

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
M. Chlouveraki ◽  
D. Goundaroulis ◽  
A. Kontogeorgis ◽  
S. Lambropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Khovanov Homology ◽  
Spectral Sequences ◽  
Link Invariant ◽  
Type Relation ◽  
Skein Relation

The Jones polynomial is a famous link invariant that can be defined diagrammatically via a skein relation. Khovanov homology is a richer link invariant that categorifies the Jones polynomial. Using spectral sequences, we obtain a skein-type relation satisfied by the Khovanov homology. Thanks to this relation, we are able to generalize the Khovanov homology in order to obtain a categorification of the θ-invariant, which is itself a generalization of the Jones polynomial.

scholarly journals The decategorification of bordered Khovanov homology

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 1450078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence P. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Floer Homology ◽  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Type A ◽  
Khovanov Homology ◽  
Heegaard Floer Homology ◽  
Type D ◽  
Heegaard Floer

In [A type D structure in Khovanov homology, preprint (2013), arXiv:1304.0463; A type A structure in Khovanov homology, preprint (2013), arXiv:1304.0465] the author constructed a package which describes how to decompose the Khovanov homology of a link ℒ into the algebraic pairing of a type D structure and a type A structure (as defined in bordered Floer homology), whenever a diagram for ℒ is decomposed into the union of two tangles. Since Khovanov homology is the categorification of a version of the Jones polynomial, it is natural to ask what the types A and D structures categorify, and how their pairing is encoded in the decategorifications. In this paper, the author constructs the decategorifications of these two structures, in a manner similar to I. Petkova's decategorification of bordered Floer homology, [The decategorification of bordered Heegaard-Floer homology, preprint (2012), arXiv:1212.4529v1], and shows how they recover the Jones polynomial. We also use the decategorifications to compare this approach to tangle decompositions with M. Khovanov's from [A functor-valued invariant of tangles, Algebr. Geom. Topol.2 (2002) 665–741].

scholarly journals q-DEFORMED SPIN NETWORKS, KNOT POLYNOMIALS AND ANYONIC TOPOLOGICAL QUANTUM COMPUTATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 267-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUIS H. KAUFFMAN ◽  
SAMUEL J. LOMONACO
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Algorithms ◽  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Braid Groups ◽  
Spin Networks ◽  
Spin Network ◽  
Topological Quantum ◽  
Jones Polynomials ◽  
Topological Quantum Computation ◽  
Bracket Polynomial ◽  
Colored Jones Polynomials

We review the q-deformed spin network approach to Topological Quantum Field Theory and apply these methods to produce unitary representations of the braid groups that are dense in the unitary groups. Our methods are rooted in the bracket state sum model for the Jones polynomial. We give our results for a large class of representations based on values for the bracket polynomial that are roots of unity. We make a separate and self-contained study of the quantum universal Fibonacci model in this framework. We apply our results to give quantum algorithms for the computation of the colored Jones polynomials for knots and links, and the Witten–Reshetikhin–Turaev invariant of three manifolds.

scholarly journals Two Lectures on the Jones Polynomial and Khovanov Homology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Witten
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Khovanov Homology ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Laurent Polynomials ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Knot Invariants ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
Instanton Number

In the first of these two lectures I describe a gauge theory approach to understanding quantum knot invariants as Laurent polynomials in a complex variable q. The two main steps are to reinterpret three-dimensional Chern-Simons gauge theory in four dimensional terms and then to apply electric-magnetic duality. The variable q is associated to instanton number in the dual description in four dimensions. In the second lecture, I describe how Khovanov homology can emerge upon adding a fifth dimension.

scholarly journals KHOVANOV HOMOLOGY AND THE TWIST NUMBER OF ALTERNATING KNOTS

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1651-1662
Author(s):  
ROBERT G. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Exact Sequence ◽  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Khovanov Homology ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Kauffman Bracket ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Twist Number ◽  
Skein Relation

In A Volumish Theorem for the Jones Polynomial, by O. Dasbach and X. S. Lin, it was shown that the sum of the absolute value of the second and penultimate coefficient of the Jones polynomial of an alternating knot is equal to the twist number of the knot. Here we give a new proof of this result using Khovanov homology. The proof is by induction on the number of crossings using the long exact sequence in Khovanov homology corresponding to the Kauffman bracket skein relation.

scholarly journals Khovanov homology, Lee homology and a Rasmussen invariant for virtual knots

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1741001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Dye ◽  
Aaron Kaestner ◽  
Louis H. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Large Class ◽  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Khovanov Homology ◽  
Frobenius Algebra ◽  
Conjugation Operator ◽  
Virtual Knot ◽  
Virtual Knots ◽  
Link Diagrams ◽  
Knots And Links

The paper contains an essentially self-contained treatment of Khovanov homology, Khovanov–Lee homology as well as the Rasmussen invariant for virtual knots and virtual knot cobordisms which directly applies as well to classical knots and classical knot cobordisms. We give an alternate formulation for the Manturov definition [34] of Khovanov homology [25], [26] for virtual knots and links with arbitrary coefficients. This approach uses cut loci on the knot diagram to induce a conjugation operator in the Frobenius algebra. We use this to show that a large class of virtual knots with unit Jones polynomial is non-classical, proving a conjecture in [20] and [10]. We then discuss the implications of the maps induced in the aforementioned theory to the universal Frobenius algebra [27] for virtual knots. Next we show how one can apply the Karoubi envelope approach of Bar-Natan and Morrison [3] on abstract link diagrams [17] with cross cuts to construct the canonical generators of the Khovanov–Lee homology [30]. Using these canonical generators we derive a generalization of the Rasmussen invariant [39] for virtual knot cobordisms and generalize Rasmussen’s result on the slice genus for positive knots to the case of positive virtual knots. It should also be noted that this generalization of the Rasmussen invariant provides an easy to compute obstruction to knot cobordisms in [Formula: see text] in the sense of Turaev [42].

scholarly journals JONES POLYNOMIALS OF LONG VIRTUAL KNOTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350002
Author(s):  
NOBORU ITO
Keyword(s):  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Khovanov Homology ◽  
Virtual Knots ◽  
Jones Polynomials

This paper defines versions of the Jones polynomial and Khovanov homology by using several maps from the set of Gauss diagrams to its variant. Through calculation of some examples, this paper also shows that these versions behave differently from the original ones.

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