New optical techniques to improve the visibility of graphene on multiple substrates

Objective: Biosurfactants are the surface active agents which are used for the reduction of surface and interfacial tensions of liquids. Rhamnolipids are the surfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It requires minimum nutrition for its growth as it can also grow in distilled water. The rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are extra-cellular glycolipids consisting of L-rhamnose and 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid. Methods: The fed-batch method for the rhamnolipid production is considered in this study to know the influence of the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous substrates as growth-limiting nutrients. Pulse feeding is employed for limiting nutrient addition at particular time interval to obtain maximum rhamnolipid formation from Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with the batch process. Results: Out of 3 fed batch strategies constant glucose fed batch strategy shows best and gave maximum rhamnolipid concentration of 0.134 g/l.

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Pirh2, an E3 ligase, regulates the AIP4–p73 regulatory pathway by modulating AIP4 expression and ubiquitination

Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1093/carcin/bgab009 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rami Abou Zeinab ◽

H Helena Wu ◽

Yasser Abuetabh ◽

Sarah Leng ◽

Consolato Sergi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Protein ◽

Ectopic Expression ◽

E3 Ligase ◽

Regulatory Pathway ◽

Hect Domain ◽

E3 Ligases ◽

Multiple Substrates ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Cycle Arrest ◽

Negative Regulatory Pathway

Abstract Pirh2 is an E3 ligase belonging to the RING-H2 family and shown to bind, ubiquitinate and downregulate p73 tumor suppressor function without altering p73 protein levels. AIP4, an E3 ligase belonging to the HECT domain family, has been reported to be a negative regulatory protein that promotes p73 ubiquitination and degradation. Herein, we found that Pirh2 is a key regulator of AIP4 that inhibits p73 function. Pirh2 physically interacts with AIP4 and significantly downregulates AIP4 expression. This downregulation is shown to involve the ubiquitination of AIP4 by Pirh2. Importantly, we demonstrated that the ectopic expression of Pirh2 inhibits the AIP4–p73 negative regulatory pathway, which was restored when depleting endogenous Pirh2 utilizing Pirh2-siRNAs. We further observed that Pirh2 decreases AIP4-mediated p73 ubiquitination. At the translational level and specifically regarding p73 cell cycle arrest function, Pirh2 still ensures the arrest of p73-mediated G1 despite AIP4 expression. Our study reveals a novel link between two E3 ligases previously thought to be unrelated in regulating the same effector substrate, p73. These findings open a gateway to explain how E3 ligases differentiate between regulating multiple substrates that may belong to the same family of proteins, as it is the case for the p53 and p73 proteins.

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Impact of enhanced optical techniques at time of TURBT with or without single immediate intravesical chemotherapy on recurrence rate of NMIBC, a systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized trials

BJU International ◽

10.1111/bju.15383 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Reza Sari Motlagh ◽

Keiichiro Mori ◽

Ekaterina Laukhtina ◽

Abdulmajeed Aydh ◽

Satoshi Katayama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Recurrence Rate ◽

Randomized Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Intravesical Chemotherapy ◽

Optical Techniques

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An Improved Lagrangian-Inverse Method for Evaluating the Dynamic Constitutive Parameters of Concrete

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13081871 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1871

Author(s):

Xinlu Yu ◽

Yingqian Fu ◽

Xinlong Dong ◽

Fenghua Zhou ◽

Jianguo Ning

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Inverse Method ◽

Image Correlation ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Optical Techniques ◽

Element Simulation ◽

Non Linear ◽

Constitutive Parameters ◽

Inverse Analysis Method

The dynamic constitutive behaviors of concrete-like materials are of vital importance for structure designing under impact loading conditions. This study proposes a new method to evaluate the constitutive behaviors of ordinary concrete at high strain rates. The proposed method combines the Lagrangian-inverse analysis method with optical techniques (ultra-high-speed camera and digital image correlation techniques). The proposed method is validated against finite-element simulation. Spalling tests were conducted on concretes where optical techniques were employed to obtain the high-frequency spatial and temporal displacement data. We then obtained stress–strain curves of concrete by applying the proposed method on the results of spalling tests. The results show non-linear constitutive behaviors in these stress–strain curves. These non-linear constitutive behaviors can be possibly explained by local heterogeneity of concrete. The proposed method provides an alternative mean to access the dynamic constitutive behaviors which can help future structure designing of concrete-like materials.

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