Pipeline monitoring by Brillouin-scattering-based fibre optic distributed strain sensors: pipeline wall thickness detection

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon P. Gu ◽  
Winston Revie ◽  
Lufan Zou ◽  
Omur Sezerman
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring ◽  
Pipeline Wall ◽  
Distributed Strain

Subsea Pipeline Monitoring Using Fibre Optic Strain Sensors

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Axial Load ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Subsea Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring ◽  
Composite Carrier

Fibre optic strain sensors are being increasingly deployed subsea due to significant improvements in reliability and ease of deployment brought about by embedding the optical fibre within a composite carrier that simply clamps to the structure to be monitored. There is significant experience in deploying these sensors on a variety of risers by a number of different installation methods as part of project integrity management strategies. Building on experience from monitoring risers, the technology is now being applied to other subsea infrastructure including manifolds and flowlines for monitoring parameters including pressure, axial load, shape and temperature. The same technology has even been deployed downhole for measuring loads in production tubing. Two different types of instruments have been designed to meet the needs of the industry, namely single point sensors and sensors that measure the profile of parameters over an extended distance. Point sensors have been developed to measure axial load, internal pressure, curvature and temperature. Each sensor mechanically attaches to the pipeline to transfer strains and temperatures in the pipeline. The instrument has been demonstrated to detect pressure changes from quasi-static to hundreds of hertz as required for conditions such as flow induced vibration and detecting slug flow. By locating a number of pressure sensors along a flowline the onset of waxing or hydrate build-up can be detected. The flexibility of the technology enables deployment in the yard, on deck and even retrofit installation by ROV. Profile sensors have been developed to measure bending profiles of flowline buckle regions, flowline free spans and riser touchdown zones. The profile sensors are elongated instruments that cover the entire length of the flowline to be monitored. Fibre optic sensors are embedded within a composite carrier during a continuous manufacturing process such as filament winding or pultrusion. Instruments with as many as 280 embedded sensors have been manufactured and deployed to date. Instruments have been developed to measure upheaval and lateral buckling strain profiles in HPHT flowlines. Deployment methods have been developed for retrofit installation and for installation on deck. The paper will present the current status of subsea pipeline monitoring using fibre optic strain sensors including results of both point and profile sensors. In addition further applications for the technology will be discussed.

Monitoring and Prediction of Pipe Wrinkling Using Distributed Strain Sensors

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. L. Chou ◽  
J. J. R. Cheng ◽  
Joe Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Distributed Sensors ◽  
Pipeline Construction ◽  
The North ◽  
Distributed Strain

As exploration of energy resources develops further into the remote Canadian North, pipeline construction is being pushed further into the unknown. The new pipeline construction in the North has generated a great need for understanding and predicting the behaviour of pipelines under harsh northern environmental conditions. Continuous real-time monitoring technology using distributed strain sensors has become a possible method for monitoring the performance of these pipelines in the field. The aim of this research is to find the correlation between the distributed strains along the line pipes and the local buckling (wrinkling) of these pipes, and to study the contribution of these distributed strains to the detection of initial wrinkle of buried pipelines. Both experiments and finite element analyses (FEA) concluded significant findings in the current research. Conventional strain gauges and advanced Brillouin Scattering fibre optic sensors (BSFOSs) were employed in the experimental programs. BSFOSs can measure the distributed strains spacing as close as 50 mm along the line pipes, so that these sensors can detect the wrinkle location along the monitored pipeline. The distributed strains measured from the BSFOSs and from conventional strain gauges in longitudinal direction are presented in this paper. The methodology for detecting the initiation of pipe wrinkling and finding the optimal positions of installation of the distributed sensors are proposed.

Experimental qualification and validation of fibre optic strain sensors

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Schilder ◽  
Nadine Kusche ◽  
Vivien G. Schukar ◽  
Wolfgang R. Habel
Keyword(s):  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Fibre Optic

Static and dynamic pile testing of reinforced concrete piles with structure integrated fibre optic strain sensors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Schilder ◽  
Harald Kohlhoff ◽  
Detlef Hofmann ◽  
Frank Basedau ◽  
Wolfgang R. Habel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Concrete Piles ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Piles ◽  
Pile Testing

Distributed strain sensing for structural monitoring applications

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael DeMerchant ◽  
Anthony Brown ◽  
Jeff Smith ◽  
Xiaoyi Bao ◽  
Theodore Bremner
Keyword(s):  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Structural Monitoring ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Fibre Optics ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
The University ◽  
Distributed Strain

Strain sensors are a valuable tool for assessing the health of structures. The University of New Brunswick, in conjunction with ISIS Canada, is developing a distributed fibre optic strain sensor based on Brillouin scattering. This sensor can provide a virtually unlimited number of measurement points using a single optical fibre. A description of the operating principles of the system is given, along with a summary of laboratory test results. Strain measurement accuracy as high as approximately ±11 µε has been demonstrated at 1 m spatial resolution. Spatial resolutions as short as 100 mm can be used, although with decreased strain measurement accuracy. Future development of the technology will include an enhancement allowing both strain and temperature to be measured simultaneously.Key words: strain sensor, fibre optics, distributed sensing, structural monitoring, Brillouin scattering.

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