Outdoor monitoring and high voltage bias testing of PV modules as necessary test for assuring long term reliability

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelkanth G. Dhere ◽  
Shirish A. Pethe ◽  
Ashwani Kaul
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Voltage Bias ◽  
Pv Modules

scholarly journals The Influence of the EVA Film Aging on the Degradation Behavior of PV Modules Under High Voltage Bias in Wet Conditions Followed by Electroluminescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristijan Brecl ◽  
Chiara Barretta ◽  
Gernot Oreski ◽  
Barbara Malic ◽  
Marko Topic
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Voltage Bias ◽  
Pv Modules

scholarly journals Examination of Photovoltaic Silicon Module Degradation Under High-Voltage Bias and Damp Heat by Electroluminescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristijan Brecl ◽  
Matevž Bokalič ◽  
Marko Topič
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Voltage Bias ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
In Series ◽  
P Type

The photovoltaic (PV) modules are in PV arrays normally connected in series and thus some of them are exposed to high system voltages since frames of the PV modules are grounded. To predict the long-term PV system energy output and PV module lifetime, it is very important to understand and take into account the degradation process of PV modules under high-voltage stress. Accelerated tests under damp heat (over 1300 h of DH85/60; RH = 85%, T = 60 °C) of in-house developed monocrystalline silicon PV modules with p-type solar cells were preformed while connected to a positive or negative voltage bias of 1000 V. The negative biased modules exhibited just a little degradation, while the positive biased modules degraded rapidly. We identified three degradation mechanisms: cell degradation, silver corrosion, and EVA evaporation. The degradation mechanisms contribute to almost 15% of the performance loss of the 1000 V positive biased modules after more than 1300 h of DH85/60 testing, while the power degradation of the negative biased modules remains below 3%.

561 Bilateral Upper Extremity Amputation After High Voltage Electrical Injury: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S130-S131
Author(s):  
Andrew Khalifa ◽  
Anzar Sarfraz ◽  
Jacob B Avraham ◽  
Ronnie Archie ◽  
Matthew Kaminsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
The United States ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Electrical Injuries

Abstract Introduction Electrical injuries represent 0.4–3.2% of admissions to burn units and are responsible for >500 deaths per year in the United States. Approximately half occur in the workplace and are the fourth leading cause of work-related-traumatic death. The extent of injury can be drastically underestimated by total body surface area percentage (TBSA). Along with cutaneous burns, high voltage electrical injuries can lead to necrosis of muscle, bone, nervous tissue, and blood vessels. Aggressive management allows for patient survival, but at significant cost. Newer technologic advances help improve functional outcomes. Methods This case-report was conducted via retrospective chart review of the case presented. Results A 43-year-old male sustained a HVEI (>10, 000 V) after contacting an active wire while working as a linesman for an electric company. He presented after less than 15-minute transport from an outside hospital with full thickness burns and auto-amputation to all fingers on both hands and the distal third of the left hand (Images 1 and 2). There were full thickness circumferential burns to the entire left and right upper extremities with contractures, with the burns extending into the axilla, and chest wall musculature. The patient had 4th degree burns and a large wound to the left shoulder with posterior extension to the scapula, flank and back with approximately 25% TBSA (Image 3). Compartments were tense in both upper extremities. Patient was sedated and intubated to protect the airway and placed on mechanical ventilation. A femoral central line was then placed, and the patient was given pain control, continued fluid resuscitation, and blood products. Dark red colored urine from a foley catheter that was immediately identified as rhabdomyolysis induced myoglobinuria. Labs drawn demonstrated elevated troponin I, CK >40,000. BUN 18, creatinine 1.0, K+ 5.2 and phosphate 5.6. Decision was made immediately for operative intervention with emergent amputation of both upper extremities in the light of rhabdomyolysis secondary to tissue necrosis and oliguria. During the patient’s hospital course, he underwent multiple operations for further debridement with vacuum-assisted closure therapy and skin grafting of sites, as well as targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) 6 months later at an outside hospital. Conclusions Although HVEI only account for a small percentage of burn admissions, they are associated with greater morbidity than low-voltage injuries. Patients with HVEI often incur multiple injuries, more surgical procedures, have higher rates of complications, and more long term psychological and rehabilitative difficulties. Despite the need for amputation in some of these critically ill patients, options exist that allow for them to obtain long term functional success.

Degradation Analysis of M-C-Si PV Modules After Long Term Exposure Under Desert Climate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouraiou Ahmed ◽  
Ammar Necaibia ◽  
Mostefaoui Mohammed ◽  
Abderrezzaq Ziane ◽  
Sahouane Nordine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Analysis ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Desert Climate
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