Water absorption in a refractive index model for bacterial spores

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Siegrist ◽  
E. Thrush ◽  
M. Airola ◽  
A. K. Carr ◽  
D. M. Limsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Index Model

scholarly journals Optimising the Complex Refractive Index Model for Estimating the Permittivity of Heterogeneous Concrete Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Hossain Zadhoush ◽  
Antonios Giannopoulos ◽  
Iraklis Giannakis
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Index Model ◽  
General Complex ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Fine Tune

Estimating the permittivity of heterogeneous mixtures based on the permittivity of their components is of high importance with many applications in ground penetrating radar (GPR) and in electrodynamics-based sensing in general. Complex Refractive Index Model (CRIM) is the most mainstream approach for estimating the bulk permittivity of heterogeneous materials and has been widely applied for GPR applications. The popularity of CRIM is primarily based on its simplicity while its accuracy has never been rigorously tested. In the current study, an optimised shape factor is derived that is fine-tuned for modelling the dielectric properties of concrete. The bulk permittivity of concrete is expressed with respect to its components i.e., aggregate particles, cement particles, air-voids and volumetric water fraction. Different combinations of the above materials are accurately modelled using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. The numerically estimated bulk permittivity is then used to fine-tune the shape factor of the CRIM model. Then, using laboratory measurements it is shown that the revised CRIM model over-performs the default shape factor and provides with more accurate estimations of the bulk permittivity of concrete.

scholarly journals Optimal ash particle refractive index model for simulating the brightness temperature spectrum of volcanic ash clouds from satellite infrared sounder measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ishimoto ◽  
Masahiro Hayashi ◽  
Yuzo Mano
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Temperature Spectrum ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. Using data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measurements of volcanic ash clouds and radiative transfer calculations, we identify the optimal refractive index model for simulating the measured brightness temperature spectrum of volcanic ash material. We assume that the optimal refractive index model has the smallest root mean square of the brightness temperature difference between measurements and simulations for channels in the wavenumber range of 750–1400 cm−1 and compare 21 refractive index models for optical properties of ash particles, including recently published models. From the results of numerical simulations for 164 pixels of IASI measurements for ash clouds from 11 volcanoes, we found that the measured brightness temperature spectrum could be well simulated using certain newly established refractive index models. In the cases of Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn ash clouds, the optimal refractive index models determined through numerical simulation correspond to those deduced from the chemical composition of ash samples for the same volcanic eruption events. This finding suggests that infrared sounder measurement of volcanic ash clouds is an effective approach to estimating the optimal refractive index model. However, discrepancies between the estimated refractive index models based on satellite measurements and the associated volcanic rock types were observed for some volcanic events.

Analyses of structural films using effective refractive index model

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te-Hung Chang ◽  
Yu-Wen Yeh ◽  
Sheng-Hui Chen ◽  
Cheng-Chung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Effective Refractive Index ◽  
Index Model

An irregular-shaped homogeneous refractive index model for interpretation of the surface plasmon resonance response from living cell attachment

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 3301-3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Deng ◽  
Xinglong Yu ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Living Cell ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Mathematical Formalism ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Resonance Response ◽  
Surface Plasmon Resonance Response

A simple but quantitative mathematical formalism was developed for interpretation of the SPR response from living cell attachment.

THE HYDRATION OF THE ALUMINATES OF CALCIUM: III. THE HYDRATION OF THE 5:3, 1:1, AND 3:5 CALCIUM ALUMINATES

1943 ◽  
Vol 21b (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Schneider ◽  
T. Thorvaldson
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Anisotropic Material ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Hydrated Alumina ◽  
Tricalcium Aluminate ◽  
Calcium Aluminates ◽  
End Products ◽  
Rapid Hydrolysis

The hydration of the aluminates of calcium in saturated steam at 150° and 105 °C. was studied. A method was developed for the quantitative estimation of chemically combined and free hydrated alumina in steam treated mixtures. The rates of hydration at 150 °C. of all the aluminates of calcium were compared. At 150 °C., when conditions favouring- rapid hydrolysis are avoided, the 1:1 and 3:5 lime aluminates are apparently transformed almost quantitatively to the cubic hexahydrate of tricalcium aluminate and hydrated alumina approaching the composition of the monohydrate. The steam treated 5:3 lime aluminate gives lower water absorption and higher content of combined alumina than called for by the above end-products, indicating the formation of a less highly hydrated aluminate of lower lime–alumina ratio than the hexahydrate of tricalcium aluminate. This conclusion is supported by the presence in this product of some anisotropic material with an average refractive index of 1.58. The hydrothermal products obtained on treatment of the three aluminates at 105 °C. all contained larger amounts of this birefringent material and apparently a greater proportion of combined alumina.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document