Ultra-High sensitivity APD based 3D LADAR sensors: linear mode photon counting LADAR camera for the Ultra-Sensitive Detector program

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Asbrock ◽  
S. Bailey ◽  
D. Baley ◽  
J. Boisvert ◽  
G. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Linear Mode

scholarly journals Development of Ultra High Sensitivity UV Silicon Carbide Detectors

2006 ◽  
Vol 527-529 ◽  
pp. 1461-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yan ◽  
Xiao Bin Xin ◽  
Petre Alexandrov ◽  
Carl M Stahle ◽  
Bing Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Avalanche Photodiodes ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Linear Mode ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Low Leakage Current ◽  
Photo Detectors

A variety of silicon carbide (SiC) detectors have been developed to study their sensitivity, including Schottky photodiodes, p-i-n photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes (APDs), and single photon-counting APDs. Due to the very wide bandgap and thus extremely low leakage current, SiC photo-detectors show excellent sensitivity. The specific detectivity, D*, of SiC photodiodes are many orders of magnitude higher than the D* of other solid state detectors, and for the first time, comparable to that of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). SiC APDs have also been fabricated to pursue the ultimate sensitivity. By operating the SiC APDs at a linear mode gain over 106, single photoncounting avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) in UV have been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Small All-Range Lidar for Asteroid and Comet Core Missions

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3081
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Sun ◽  
Daniel R. Cremons ◽  
Erwan Mazarico ◽  
Guangning Yang ◽  
James B. Abshire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Linear Mode ◽  
Internal Gain ◽  
Pseudo Noise

We report the development of a new type of space lidar specifically designed for missions to small planetary bodies for both topographic mapping and support of sample collection or landing. The instrument is designed to have a wide dynamic range with several operation modes for different mission phases. The laser transmitter consists of a fiber laser that is intensity modulated with a return-to-zero pseudo-noise (RZPN) code. The receiver detects the coded pulse-train by correlating the detected signal with the RZPN kernel. Unlike regular pseudo noise (PN) lidars, the RZPN kernel is set to zero outside laser firing windows, which removes most of the background noise over the receiver integration time. This technique enables the use of low peak-power but high pulse-rate lasers, such as fiber lasers, for long-distance ranging without aliasing. The laser power and the internal gain of the detector can both be adjusted to give a wide measurement dynamic range. The laser modulation code pattern can also be reconfigured in orbit to optimize measurements to different measurement environments. The receiver uses a multi-pixel linear mode photon-counting HgCdTe avalanche photodiode (APD) array with near quantum limited sensitivity at near to mid infrared wavelengths where many fiber lasers and diode lasers operate. The instrument is modular and versatile and can be built mostly with components developed by the optical communication industry.

scholarly journals Enhanced chemiluminescence: a high-sensitivity detection system for in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1591-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Lorimier ◽  
L Lamarcq ◽  
F Labat-Moleur ◽  
C Guillermet ◽  
R Bethier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Enhanced Chemiluminescence ◽  
Discriminatory Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity Detection

The breakthrough of chemiluminescence in the field of solution immunoassays and transfer membranes prompted us to explore whether a light-based detection system could provide a gain in sensitivity over chromogenic and FITC markers for nucleic acid and protein detection on histological preparations. A Hamamatsu device and an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) luminol substrate of the peroxidase were used to detect epithelial and endothelial components by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and for in situ hybridization (ISH) of papilloma virus DNA. The accuracy of the signal was compared to that obtained with DAB-peroxidase, silver-enhanced DAB-peroxidase, NBT-BCIP-alkaline phosphatase, and FITC. Our results demonstrated the feasibility and high sensitivity of luminescence detection for histological preparations. In part due to the ultrasensitive videocamera and photon-counting imaging, interpretable and reproducible results were obtained within counting times shorter than 5 min, and with dilutions of the primary antibodies 100- to 10,000-fold greater than those used for chromogenic and FITC reactions. As for ISH, with identical concentrations of the HPV 18 DNA probe on HeLa cells, labeling was apparent by luminescence but undetectable with the chromogen. The morphological resolution allowed a discriminatory analysis of the signal. Therefore, at the light microscopic level, enhanced chemiluminescence offers an appealing alternative to FITC and chromogenic markers for detection and quantification of low-concentration molecules.

High-sensitivity photon-counting imaging detector

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichen Fu ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Qingduo Duanmu ◽  
Guozheng Wang ◽  
Kui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Detector

scholarly journals Characterization and performance evaluation of the XSPA-500k detector using synchrotron radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-447
Author(s):  
Yasukazu Nakaye ◽  
Takuto Sakumura ◽  
Yasutaka Sakuma ◽  
Satoshi Mikusu ◽  
Arkadiusz Dawiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Modulation Transfer

Hybrid photon counting (HPC) detectors are widely used at both synchrotron facilities and in-house laboratories. The features of HPC detectors, such as no readout noise, high dynamic range, high frame rate, excellent point spread function, no blurring etc. along with fast data acquisition, provide a high-performance detector with a low detection limit and high sensitivity. Several HPC detector systems have been developed around the world. A number of them are commercially available and used in academia and industry. One of the important features of an HPC detector is a fast readout speed. Most HPC detectors can easily achieve over 1000 frames s−1, one or two orders of magnitude faster than conventional CCD detectors. Nevertheless, advanced scientific challenges require ever faster detectors in order to study dynamical phenomena in matter. The XSPA-500k detector can achieve 56 kframes s−1 continuously, without dead-time between frames. Using `burst mode', a special mode of the UFXC32k ASIC, the frame rate reaches 1 000 000 frames s−1. XSPA-500k was fully evaluated at the Metrology beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL (France) and its readout speed was confirmed by tracking the synchrotron bunch time structure. The uniformity of response, modulation transfer function, linearity, energy resolution and other performance metrics were also verified either with fluorescence X-rays illuminating the full area of the detector or with the direct beam.

Exploring the Gas Sensing Performance of Catalytic Metal/Metal Oxide 4H-SiC Field Effect Transistors

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 997-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Puglisi ◽  
Jens Eriksson ◽  
Mike Andersson ◽  
Joni Huotari ◽  
Manuel Bastuck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sensor Response ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Linear Mode ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Metal Metal

Gas sensitive metal/metal-oxide field effect transistors based on silicon carbide were used to study the sensor response to benzene (C6H6) at the low parts per billion (ppb) concentration range. A combination of iridium and tungsten trioxide was used to develop the sensing layer. High sensitivity to 10 ppb C6H6 was demonstrated during several repeated measurements at a constant temperature from 180 to 300 °C. The sensor performance were studied also as a function of the electrical operating point of the device, i.e., linear, onset of saturation, and saturation mode. Measurements performed in saturation mode gave a sensor response up to 52 % higher than those performed in linear mode.

A high sensitivity position-sensitive detector based on Au–SiO2–Si structure

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 015601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Chi ◽  
Pengfei Zhu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xiaoan Huang ◽  
Xiangting Li
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Position Sensitive
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