scholarly journals HEW simulations and quantification of the microroughness requirements for x-ray telescopes by means of numerical and analytical methods

Author(s):  
D. Spiga ◽  
G. Cusumano ◽  
G. Pareschi
Author(s):  
D. Dwivedi ◽  
K. Lepkova ◽  
T. Becker

Carbon steel is a preferred construction material in many industrial and domestic applications, including oil and gas pipelines, where corrosion mitigation using film-forming corrosion inhibitor formulations is a widely accepted method. This review identifies surface analytical techniques that are considered suitable for analysis of thin films at metallic substrates, but are yet to be applied to analysis of carbon steel surfaces in corrosive media or treated with corrosion inhibitors. The reviewed methods include time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy methods, particle-induced X-ray emission, Rutherford backscatter spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering and neutron reflectometry, and conversion electron Moessbauer spectrometry. Advantages and limitations of the analytical methods in thin-film surface investigations are discussed. Technical parameters of nominated analytical methods are provided to assist in the selection of suitable methods for analysis of metallic substrates deposited with surface films. The challenges associated with the applications of the emerging analytical methods in corrosion science are also addressed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (9) ◽  
pp. 613-621
Author(s):  
Marc André Althoff ◽  
Jörn Frederik Martens ◽  
Marco Reichel ◽  
Manfred Metzulat ◽  
Thomas Matthias Klapötke ◽  
...  

Abstract The molecular and single crystal structure of O,O-diethyl O-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate oxalate, as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, is described for the first time; although this compound is well-known by industry and research from the mid-20th century. The known decomposition product of pure O,O-diethyl O-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate could also be structurally characterized. Additionally, the compounds are characterized by recent analytical methods e.g. NMR. The findings of our study support the thesis that the isolated decomposition product must be a by-product of the thiono-thiolo rearrangement process of the title compound.


2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Wang Lu ◽  
Ya-Bo Wu ◽  
Bao-Ping Dong ◽  
Yu Zhang

AbstractAt the probe approximation, we construct a holographic p-wave conductor/superconductor model in the five-dimensional Lifshitz black hole with the Weyl correction via both numerical and analytical methods, and study the effects of the Lifshitz parameter z as well as the Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$ γ on the superconductor model. As we take into account one of the two corrections separately, the increasing z ($$\gamma $$ γ ) inhibits(enhances) the superconductor phase transition. When the two corrections are considered comprehensively, they display the obviously competitive effects on both the critical temperature and the vector condensate. In particular, the promoting effects of the Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$ γ on the critical temperature are obviously suppressed by the increasing Lifshitz parameter. Meanwhile, in the case of $$z<2.35$$ z < 2.35 ($$z>2.35$$ z > 2.35 ), the condensate at lower temperature decreases(increases) with the increasing Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$ γ . What is more, the difference among the condensate with the fixed Weyl parameter($$\gamma =-\frac{6}{100},0,\frac{4}{100}$$ γ = - 6 100 , 0 , 4 100 ) decreases(increases) with the increasing Lifshitz parameter z in the region $$z<2.35$$ z < 2.35 ($$z>2.35$$ z > 2.35 ). Furthermore, the increasing z obviously suppresses the real part of conductivity for all value of the Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$ γ . In addition, the analytical results agree well with the ones from the numerical method.


2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Pala ◽  
Sudip Dey

AbstractConventional and highly sophisticated analytical methods (Cyria et al., 1989; Massar et al., 2012a) were used to analyze micro-structural and micro-analytical aspects of the blood of snake head fish, Channa gachua, exposed to municipal wastes and city garbage. Red (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts and hemhemoglobin content were found to be higher in pollution affected fish as compared with control. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the occurrence of abnormal erythrocytes such as crenated cells, echinocytes, lobopodial projections, membrane internalization, spherocytes, ruptured cells, contracted cells, depression, and uneven elongation of erythrocyte membranes in fish inhabiting the polluted sites. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of silicon and lead in the RBCs of pollution affected fish. Significance of the study includes the highly sophisticated analytical approach, which revealed the aforementioned micro-structural abnormalities.


Open Physics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Berczynski

AbstractThe method of paraxial complex geometrical optics (PCGO) is presented, which describes Gaussian beam (GB) diffraction and self-focusing in smoothly inhomogeneous and nonlinear saturable media of cylindrical symmetry. PCGO reduces the problem of Gaussian beam diffraction in nonlinear and inhomogeneous media to the system of the first order ordinary differential equations for the complex curvature of the wave front and for GB amplitude, which can be readily solved both analytically and numerically. As a result, PCGO radically simplifies the description of Gaussian beam diffraction in inhomogeneous and nonlinear media as compared to the numerical and analytical methods of nonlinear optics. The power of PCGO method is presented on the example of Gaussian beam evolution in logarithmically saturable medium with either focusing and defocusing refractive profile. Besides, the influence of initial curvature of the wave front on GB evolution in nonlinear saturable medium is discussed in this paper.


Author(s):  
Marek Kotrlý

The majority of expert examination in forensic science is concerned with comparison, determination, and description of diversified samples. X-ray diffraction (powdered and/or single crystal) is bringing big benefits and analytical possibilities into forensic expert work, which are not easily provided by other methods. XRD methods are used in combination with other analytical methods (SEM with EDS/WDS, micro XRF, optical microscopy, FTIR, etc.).Importance of XRD phase analysis in forensic science lies namely in: analysis of relatively small-volume samples, relatively non-destructive, exact phase analysis, quantitative analysis (in majority of cases). And method is conclusive for a court.


1978 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Robert Andrews ◽  
Robert Kenneth Mays

The chemical analyses of pigments and fillers are important to both the manufacturer and the papermaker. Most standard analytical methods, including those of Technical Association of the Paper and Pulp Industry, are based on the so-called classical gravimetric and volumetric techniques. The major components analyzed are TiO2, SiO2 and Al2O3 . X-ray diffraction methods are available for the identification of crystalline fillers and pigments in finished paper.


Author(s):  
F. A. Bannister ◽  
K. Lonsdale

During the course of a general investigation by one of us (K. L.) of diamonds from various sources, using X-ray analytical methods, the inquiry arose as to whether so-called artificial diamonds had ever been examined in this way. It was found that there was, in the Mineral Department of the British Museum, a glass slide bearing 12 minute specimens, labelled as being diamond, artificially prepared and presented by Mr. J. B. Hannay in 1880, presumably the remainder of those investigated by Prof. N. Story-Maskelyne, and referred to in a letter to the Editor of The Times which appeared in that paper on February 20, 1880, as follows:Sir,—A few weeks since I had to proclaim the failure of one attempt to produce the diamond in a chemical laboratory. To-day I ask a little space in one of your columns in order to announce the entire success of such an attempt by another Glasgow gentleman.


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