scholarly journals Double exposure time-averaged in-line digital holography

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Raj Singh ◽  
Anand Asundi ◽  
Jianmin Miao
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Digital Holography ◽  
Double Exposure

Direct and complete calibration of phase modulation depth of LCOS by using double exposure digital holography

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spozmai Panezai ◽  
Dayong Wang ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Yunxin Wang ◽  
Sijin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Digital Holography ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Double Exposure

Replacement of quarter-wave plates by photographic double exposure for controlled density evaluation

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Mehrotra ◽  
M L Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Double Exposure ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Compensation Methods ◽  
Quarter Wave ◽  
Density Evaluation ◽  
Coupling Angle ◽  
Fractional Orders

Isoclinics are eliminated by double exposure of a film in the camera of a plane polariscope and by rotation of the coupled polaroids through 45° between the two exposures of equal duration. The resultant photographic isochromatic pattern can be evaluated by interpreting and calibrating as lines of constant fractional fringe orders the sharp boundaries between dark and bright regions seen in a developed high-contrast film negative or the narrow equidensity lines obtained in a developed Agfacontour film negative. Alternatively a developed low-contrast film negative may be copied by contact or enlargement on high-contrast or Agfacontour film. The fractional fringe orders of the lines on any photograph depend on the exposure time, or copying exposure time, and on the coupling angle of the polaroids. Monochromatic light, or white light with blue-sensitive or orthochromatic film, may be used. An evaluated example and error analyses show that discrimination of fractional orders is about the same as in conventional compensation methods.

scholarly journals Photolysis of sodium chloride and sodium hypochlorite by ultraviolet light inactivates the trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba castellanii in the water matrix

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beni J. M. Chaúque ◽  
Marilise B. Rott
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Double Exposure ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Swimming Pool Water ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate an effective, sustainable and accessible way to inactivate chlorine-resistant microorganisms, such as Acanthamoeba castellanii, through the photolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in the water matrix. The inactivation of trophozoites and cysts (2 × 107 per 8 mL) were exposed for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min to the photolysis effect of NaOCl (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/L) or NaCl (5.0, 10, 20 and 40 g/L) by ultraviolet light C (243 μW·cm2), then the viability was analyzed. The inactivation of all trophozoites was achieved by exposure to the photolysis effect of 2.0 mg/L of NaOCl or 20 g/L of NaCl, in 150 or 120 min, respectively. Inactivation of all cysts was achieved by double exposure to the photolysis effect of 1.0 mg/L NaOCl or 5.0 g/L NaCl from 90 min of each exposure round. The exposure time was a strong determinant in the inactivation of A. castellanii trophozoites or cysts. The photolysis of NaOCl or NaCl is an effective method to eliminate A. castellanii in water. These findings expand the list of chlorine-resistant microorganisms that can be inactivated by NaOCl photolysis and show that NaCl photolysis is a new and promising method for treating swimming pool water and wastewater.

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

A Device for Magnification Measurement

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 622-623
Author(s):  
J.A. Eades ◽  
A. van Dun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Private Communication ◽  
Piezoelectric Crystal ◽  
Double Exposure ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Elegant Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
Piezo Electric

The measurement of magnification in the electron microscope is always troublesome especially when a goniometer stage is in use, since there can be wide variations from calibrated values. One elegant method (L.M.Brown, private communication) of avoiding the difficulties of standard methods would be to fit a device which displaces the specimen a small but known distance and recording the displacement by a double exposure. Such a device would obviate the need for changing the specimen and guarantee that the magnification was measured under precisely the conditions used.Such a small displacement could be produced by any suitable transducer mounted in one of the specimen translation mechanisms. In the present case a piezoelectric crystal was used. Modern synthetic piezo electric ceramics readily give reproducible displacements in the right range for quite modest voltages (for example: Joyce and Wilson, 1969).

Structure images of Si, Ge and Mos2 crystals and some application to radiation damage studies

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Izui ◽  
T. Nishida ◽  
S. Furuno ◽  
H. Otsu ◽  
S. Kuwabara
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Magnetic Lens

Recently we have observed the structure images of silicon in the (110), (111) and (100) projection respectively, and then examined the optimum defocus and thickness ranges for the formation of such images on the basis of calculations of image contrasts using the n-slice theory. The present paper reports the effects of a chromatic aberration and a slight misorientation on the images, and also presents some applications of structure images of Si, Ge and MoS2 to the radiation damage studies.(1) Effect of a chromatic aberration and slight misorientation: There is an inevitable fluctuation in the amount of defocus due to a chromatic aberration originating from the fluctuations both in the energies of electrons and in the magnetic lens current. The actual image is a results of superposition of those fluctuated images during the exposure time. Assuming the Gaussian distribution for defocus, Δf around the optimum defocus value Δf0, the intensity distribution, I(x,y) in the image formed by this fluctuation is given by

Therapist in Double Exposure

1964 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
FRED FOSMIRE
Keyword(s):  
Double Exposure
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