Köhler illumination analysis for high-resolution optical metrology using 193 nm light

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeungjoon Sohn ◽  
Richard M. Silver
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingxin Xu ◽  
Xinyu Fan ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Zuyuan He

Abstract Optical frequency comb with evenly spaced lines over a broad bandwidth has revolutionized the fields of optical metrology and spectroscopy. Here, we propose an electro-optic dual-comb spectroscopy to real-time interleave the spectrum with high resolution, in which two electro-optic frequency combs are seed by swept light source. An interleaved spectrum with a high resolution is real-time recorded by the sweeping probe comb without gap time, which is multi-heterodyne detected by the sweeping local comb. The proposed scheme measures a spectrum spanning 304 GHz in 1.6 ms with a resolution of 1 MHz, and reaches a spectral sampling rate of 1.9*108 points/s under Nyquist-limitation. A reflectance spectrum is measured with a calculated figure-of-merit of 4.2*108, which shows great prospect for fast and high-resolution applications.


1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem H. Rizvi ◽  
Dominic Ashworth ◽  
Malcolm C. Gower

1987 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lubben ◽  
T. Motooka ◽  
J.E. Greene ◽  
J.F. Wendelken ◽  
J.-E. Sundgren ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTArF (193 nm) and KrF (248 nm) laser-induced dissociation of Al2(CH3)6 (TMA) adsorbed on Si(100) surfaces have been investigated using x-ray photo-electron, ultraviolet photoelectron, and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopies (XPS, UPS, and HREELS). UPS and XPS valence spectra from the adlayer contained three broad peaks near 4.5, 7.5, and 14.5 eV below the Fermi level whose positions were in agreement, based upon molecular orbital calculations, with those expected for TMA dimers. Angle-resolved XPS measurements indicated a splitting in both the Al 2p and Si 2p levels which was interpreted as evidence for TMA dimer molecules being adsorbed with the long (i.e. Al-Al) axis perpendicular to the surface. The HREELS adlayer spectrum consisted of three clusters of peaks located near 86 meV (methyl rocking and Al-C stretch), 170 meV (methyl deformation), and 362 meV (C-H stretch). Changes in the XPS, UPS, and HREELS spectra were monitored as a function of ArF and KrF laser irradiation. No-changes were observed for KrF irradiation with intensities up to 200 mJ-cm . However, ArF laser irradiation resulted in changes in both the XPS and HREELS spectra which indicated TMA dissociation and the desorption of methyl groups. Nevertheless, even after 104 20 mJ-cm-2 ArF pulses most of the carbon-containing species remained. Higher intensities, up to 200 mJ-cm-2, resulted in the formation of compounds which were stable on the surface.


Author(s):  
Alwyn Kaye

Abstract A set of Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil (HVGO) pumps in a 300 kbbl/day operating Upgrader Plant experienced repeated failures; typically less than 7 weeks. The pumps run continuously in a high-pressure, high temperature and corrosive environment and their functional status directly affects the reliability of the plant. Upon research, an experimental strain measurement technique using very high resolution laser digital imagery and optical metrology was found from military and advanced aerospace applications to verify high level dimensional accuracy of critical components [1]. Application to a complex and operating bitumen upgrader was unknown. The objective of this project was to use advanced optical metrology with digital image processing techniques employing multiple laser and high-speed cameras capable of generating pump and pipe component’s real time strain images, displacement and rate of change. Optical metrology can analyze the mechanical properties and behavior of many materials and in various test scenarios [2]. Hot and cold operating service, with variations in flow and temperature all dynamically affect the strain measurements. Three significant advantages of the optical method are: i. Avoids a host of problems of strain gauge application, wiring and setup. ii. The problems of temperature sensitivity and correction are overcome. [3] iii. Gathers much more extensive data than possible with traditional methods. The vibration characteristics of the pumps and related hardware were analyzed using high resolution laser and photogrammetric digital imagery and digital strain mapping analysis to determine the characteristics that would ensure the long-term reliable and safe operation of the HVGO pumps. The stress and deformation analysis were performed on the operating pumps in a variety of normal (1280 m3/hr.) and upset operating conditions including under partial and full load conditions. Dynamic and modal analysis of the pumps was developed and analyzed. The displacement and tensor fields of the hardware including the pumps, bases and piping were measured using high resolution laser cameras and analyzed. From the high-speed data gathering and loading analysis showed the deformation and stress affecting the pump and related hardware. The key variables undermining reliable performance were revealed and from the data the necessary remedial action was determined. The pumps have operated for over 30months to the time of writing without repeat failure. This paper should be read in conjunction with PVP 2020-21203; Investigation and Resolution of the Fluid Structure Interaction of High Rate HVGO Pumps.


2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeung Joon Sohn ◽  
Brian M. Barnes ◽  
Lowell Howard ◽  
Richard M. Silver ◽  
Ravikiran Attota ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravikiran Attota ◽  
Richard M. Silver ◽  
Thomas A. Germer ◽  
Michael Bishop ◽  
Robert Larrabee ◽  
...  

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem H. Rizvi ◽  
Malcolm C. Gower ◽  
Dominic Ashworth ◽  
Neil Sykes ◽  
Phil T. Rumsby ◽  
...  

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