Programmatics of large scale production of silicon pore optics for future x-ray telescopes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kraft ◽  
M. Collon ◽  
M. W. Beijersbergen ◽  
M. Bavdaz ◽  
D. H. Lumb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production

Variables Involved in the Planting of Rice in the Rice Husk

2012 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 430-436
Author(s):  
J.L. Akasaki ◽  
E.J. Silva ◽  
L.C. Sousa ◽  
J.L.P. Melges ◽  
M.M. Tashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Pozzolanic Materials ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Different Origins

Rice production in Brazil in 2010 was approximately 12,2 million tons, and to reach that amount several planting techniques were used with different strains of rice in different rice-growing areas. Since Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is the pozzolan of vegetable origin most studied by researchers working in the area of pozzolanic materials, the present paper evaluates the influence that the form of planting, the climate, the soil, the strain of rice and the origin/amount of nitrogen-based fertilizers used in rice cultivation has on the chemical composition and crystallographic properties of RHA. The results obtained in this paper, confirm the importance of carrying out routine chemical analysis and X-Ray diffraction to maintain the quality control of the CCAs produced, because in situations of large-scale production, husks of different origins may be used.

scholarly journals SPINE-compatible `carboloops': a new microshaped vitreous carbon sample mount for X-ray and neutron crystallography

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Romoli ◽  
Estelle Mossou ◽  
Maxime Cuypers ◽  
Peter van der Linden ◽  
Philippe Carpentier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Vitreous Carbon ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Custom Design ◽  
High Standards

A novel vitreous carbon mount for macromolecular crystallography, suitable for neutron and X-ray crystallographic studies, has been developed. The technology described here is compatible both with X-ray and neutron cryo-crystallography. The mounts have low density and low background scattering for both neutrons and X-rays. They are prepared by laser cutting, allowing high standards of production quality, the ability to custom-design the mount to specific crystal sizes and large-scale production.

A New Synthetic Route to Nano Metal Oxides

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Jin Hua Yao ◽  
Shu Bao Jin ◽  
Li Jun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanical Grinding ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Key Steps

Strong alkali anion exchange resin was employed as a hydroxyl source in the synthesis. OH- releasing rates were easily controlled by varying precursor salts, salt concentrations and temperatures, etc. The ratio between the nucleation speed and the speed of oxide crystallite growth was adjusted to favor the anisotropic growth of the crystal. Zinc and aluminum nano-sized oxide were obtained in various morphologies. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize the products. It is ascertained that the surface reaction on the resin and the mechanical grinding are the key steps in controlling the product morphology. The results show the flexibility and possibility of large scale production of various nano metal oxides and as well as mixed oxides.

scholarly journals Gold nano-mesh synthesis by continuous-flow X-ray irradiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1929-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Tsang Li ◽  
Sheng-Feng Lai ◽  
Shun-Min Yang ◽  
Yu-Sheng Chen ◽  
Ying-Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production

X-ray irradiation has been extensively used in recent years as a fabrication step for nanoparticles and nanoparticle systems. A variant of this technique, continuous-flow X-ray irradiation, has recently been developed, and offers three important advantages: precise control of the irradiation dose, elimination of convection effects in the precursor solution, and suitability for large-scale production. Here, the use of this method to fabricate Au nano-meshes of interest as transparent and flexible electrodes for optoelectronics is reported. The study includes extensive characterization of the synthesis parameters and of the product properties, with rather encouraging results.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TiO2/SERICITE COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH FAVORABLE PIGMENTS PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (08) ◽  
pp. 1950039 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU LIANG ◽  
WANTING CHEN ◽  
GUANG YANG ◽  
HAO DING ◽  
XIFENG HOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
The Cost

A unique method of preparing TiO2/sericite composite particles material was investigated by coating anatase TiO2 on the surface of sericite via chemical precipitation method. The results of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that TiO2 coated uniformly on the surface of sericite, and Si-O-Ti chemical bonds are formed during the thermal treatment process. The hiding power of Ti/SE-CPM composite is up to 85% of TiO2 white pigments, and the oil absorption value was equal to TiO2 white pigments. All these data demonstrated that the obtained Ti/SE-CPM samples have similar excellent properties compared with anatase TiO2 white pigments. Therefore, this study provides a feasible way of reducing the usage of TiO2 while maintaining similar pigment properties, which, of course, will reduce the cost, protect our environment and has a potential application in large-scale production of white pigments.

scholarly journals Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Juelsholt ◽  
Jonathan Quinson ◽  
Emil Kjær ◽  
Baiyu Wang ◽  
Rebecca Pittkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Pair Distribution Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Pdf Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

A surfactant-free synthesis of precious metal nanoparticles performed in low boiling point solvents and in alkaline conditions has been reported recently. This strategy presents several advantages over alternative colloidal syntheses. The resulting nanoparticles are readily relevant for applications like catalysis and the synthetic process is compatible with large scale production. Alkaline mono-alcohols are here investigated as solvent and reducing agents to obtain colloidal Os nanoparticles by this low temperature (< 100 °C) surfactant-free synthesis. The effect of precursor (OsCl3 or H2OsCl6), precursor concentration (up to 100 mM), solvent (methanol or ethanol), presence or absence of base (NaOH) and addition of water (0 to 100 v.%) on the resulting nanomaterials is discussed. It is fond that no base is required to obtain Os nanoparticles as opposed to the case of Pt NPs for instance. The robustness of the synthesis for concentration of precursor up to 100 mM allows to perform X-ray total scattering with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis that shows that the 1-2 nm hcp NPs forms from chain-like [OsOxCly]-complexes.

Low-Temperature Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using the HDDR Process for Electrochemical Supercapacitor Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
F.G. Benitez Jara ◽  
P. D. V. Cruz ◽  
Lusinete Pereira Barbosa ◽  
J.C.S. Casini ◽  
S. K. Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxide Powder ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production

In the present work, attempts of reducing a graphene oxide powder using a low temperature hydrogenation disproportionation desorption and the recombination process (L-HDDR) has been carried out. A lower processing temperature in large scale production is significant when costs are concerned. Graphite oxide was prepared using a modified Hummers’ method dispersed in ethanol and exfoliated using ultrasonication to produce Graphene Oxide (GO). Investigations have been carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results of L-HDDR processing graphene oxide powder, using unmixed hydrogen at 400°C and relatively low pressures (<2 bars) have been reported. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a reduction of graphene oxide with the L-HDDR process. The results showed that both processes, the L-HDDR as well as the standard HDDR, may be applied to the reduction of graphene oxide in order to produce supercapacitor materials. The advantage of employing the L-HDDR process is a relatively low temperature reducing the cost of treatment, what is a very important factor for producing a large amount of material. Thus, the L-HDDR process has been considered a promising alternative method of reducing graphene oxide with efficiency, with the possibility of large scale production.

A Simple Route to Synthesis of SrCO3 with Olive-Like and Flower-Like Morphologies

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4552-4556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Guo Ma ◽  
Ying-Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Simple Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Microwave Assisted Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

SrCO3 with an olive-like or flower-like morphology has been successfully synthesized by a microwave-assisted method using Sr(NO3)2 and (NH4)2CO3 in ethylene glycol (EG)or water. The solvent plays an important role in the size and morphology of SrCO3. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This method is simple, fast, low-cost, and suitable for large-scale production.

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