Recent advances in ionic polymer conductor composite materials as distributed nanosensors, nanoactuators, and artificial muscles (Invited Paper)

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Shahinpoor
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Supramolecular ionic polymer/carbon nanotube composite hydrogels with enhanced electromechanical performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 478-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Fei Zhang ◽  
Fei-Peng Du ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Ka-Wai Yeung ◽  
Yuqing Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Composite Hydrogels ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Electromechanical Performance ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composite ◽  
Robotic Devices

AbstractElectroactive hydrogels have received increasing attention due to the possibility of being used in biomimetics, such as for soft robotics and artificial muscles. However, the applications are hindered by the poor mechanical properties and slow response time. To address these issues, in this study, supramolecular ionic polymer–carbon nanotube (SIPC) composite hydrogels were fabricated via in situ free radical polymerization. The polymer matrix consisted of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), styrene sulfonic sodium (SSNa), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-grafted acrylamide, and ferrocene (Fc)-grafted acrylamide, with the incorporation of SSNa serving as the ionic source. On applying an external voltage, the ions accumulate on one side of the matrix, leading to localized swelling and bending of the structure. Therefore, a controllable and reversible actuation can be achieved by changing the applied voltage. The tensile strength of the SIPC was improved by over 300%, from 12 to 49 kPa, due to the reinforcement effect of the CNTs and the supramolecular host–guest interactions between the β-CD and Fc moieties. The inclusion of CNTs not only improved the tensile properties but also enhanced the ion mobility, which lead to a faster electromechanical response. The presented electro-responsive composite hydrogel shows a high potential for the development of robotic devices and soft smart components for sensing and actuating applications.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous ZnO-containing catalysts for efficient biodiesel production

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (33) ◽  
pp. 20465-20478
Author(s):  
Anping Wang ◽  
Wenxuan Quan ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Hu Li ◽  
Song Yang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Functional Composite ◽  
Recent Advances

This review introduces recent advances in the catalytic conversion of oils into biodiesel using ZnO functional composite materials.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Twisted‐Fiber Artificial Muscles

2020 ◽  
pp. 2000185
Author(s):  
Xueqi Leng ◽  
Xiaoyu Hu ◽  
Wubin Zhao ◽  
Baigang An ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Twisted Fiber

The Constitutive Response of Active Polymer Gels

1999 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Marra ◽  
K. T. Ramesh ◽  
A. S. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Constitutive Response ◽  
Ph Level

AbstractActive polymer gels can achieve large, reversible deformations in response to environmental stimuli, such as the application of an electric field or a change in pH level. Consequently, great interest exists in using these gels as actuators and artificial muscles. The goal of this work is to characterize the mechanical properties of ionic polymer gels and to describe how these properties evolve as the gel actuates. Experimental results of uniaxial tests on poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(acrylic acid) gels are presented for both acidic and basic environments. These materials are shown to be to be slightly viscoelastic and compressible and capable of large recoverable deformations. The gels also exhibit similar stress in response to mechanical deformation in both the acid and the base.

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