Hierarchical brain tissue segmentation and its application in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhu Lei ◽  
Jayaram K. Udupa ◽  
Gul Moonis ◽  
Eric Schwartz ◽  
Laura Balcer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Segmentation ◽  
Brain Tissue Segmentation

scholarly journals Abnormal brain cholesterol homeostasis in Alzheimer’s disease—a targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay R. Varma ◽  
H. Büşra Lüleci ◽  
Anup M. Oommen ◽  
Sudhir Varma ◽  
Chad T. Blackshear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Brain Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

AbstractThe role of brain cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unclear. Peripheral and brain cholesterol levels are largely independent due to the impermeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB), highlighting the importance of studying the role of brain cholesterol homeostasis in AD. We first tested whether metabolite markers of brain cholesterol biosynthesis and catabolism were altered in AD and associated with AD pathology using linear mixed-effects models in two brain autopsy samples from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and the Religious Orders Study (ROS). We next tested whether genetic regulators of brain cholesterol biosynthesis and catabolism were altered in AD using the ANOVA test in publicly available brain tissue transcriptomic datasets. Finally, using regional brain transcriptomic data, we performed genome-scale metabolic network modeling to assess alterations in cholesterol biosynthesis and catabolism reactions in AD. We show that AD is associated with pervasive abnormalities in cholesterol biosynthesis and catabolism. Using transcriptomic data from Parkinson’s disease (PD) brain tissue samples, we found that gene expression alterations identified in AD were not observed in PD, suggesting that these changes may be specific to AD. Our results suggest that reduced de novo cholesterol biosynthesis may occur in response to impaired enzymatic cholesterol catabolism and efflux to maintain brain cholesterol levels in AD. This is accompanied by the accumulation of nonenzymatically generated cytotoxic oxysterols. Our results set the stage for experimental studies to address whether abnormalities in cholesterol metabolism are plausible therapeutic targets in AD.

GSCFN: A Graph Self-Construction and Fusion Network for Semi-supervised Brain Tissue Segmentation in MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yifei Li ◽  
Youyong Kong ◽  
Jiasong Wu ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Segmentation ◽  
Brain Tissue Segmentation
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