Multidisciplinary analysis for large-scale optical design

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg J. Moore ◽  
Mike Chainyk ◽  
John Schiermeier
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis

Application of Interferometry Measurement in Large-Scale Optic-Electrical Theodolite

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
Nan Zhao ◽  
Zhi Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Primary Mirror ◽  
Accuracy Measurement ◽  
Mechanical Structure ◽  
High Accuracy Measurement

Interferometry is a very important method in high accuracy measurement for optical system. This article briefly introduced the conception of interferometry and took a product of 4D Technology as an example to carry on the measurement. A large-scale optic-electrical Theodolite in assemblage was measured, and its primary mirror was 400mm in diameter. With the analysis of the results, some micro adjustments of the mechanical structure proceed, and it made the system perform better. The final results of the whole system is 1.061λ in P-V value and 0.1136λ in RMS value (λ=632.8nm), this meets the demand of optical design and practical application. The result demonstrates that interferometry is a good way to be utilized and optimize in the procedure of assemble.

Optical design using large-scale axial gradient glass

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary G. Turner ◽  
Kenneth E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Axial Gradient

scholarly journals Defining and identifying Sleeping Beauties in science

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (24) ◽  
pp. 7426-7431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Ke ◽  
Emilio Ferrara ◽  
Filippo Radicchi ◽  
Alessandro Flammini
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sleeping Beauty ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Hibernation Period ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Delayed Recognition ◽  
Citation Metrics ◽  
Number Of Citations

A Sleeping Beauty (SB) in science refers to a paper whose importance is not recognized for several years after publication. Its citation history exhibits a long hibernation period followed by a sudden spike of popularity. Previous studies suggest a relative scarcity of SBs. The reliability of this conclusion is, however, heavily dependent on identification methods based on arbitrary threshold parameters for sleeping time and number of citations, applied to small or monodisciplinary bibliographic datasets. Here we present a systematic, large-scale, and multidisciplinary analysis of the SB phenomenon in science. We introduce a parameter-free measure that quantifies the extent to which a specific paper can be considered an SB. We apply our method to 22 million scientific papers published in all disciplines of natural and social sciences over a time span longer than a century. Our results reveal that the SB phenomenon is not exceptional. There is a continuous spectrum of delayed recognition where both the hibernation period and the awakening intensity are taken into account. Although many cases of SBs can be identified by looking at monodisciplinary bibliographic data, the SB phenomenon becomes much more apparent with the analysis of multidisciplinary datasets, where we can observe many examples of papers achieving delayed yet exceptional importance in disciplines different from those where they were originally published. Our analysis emphasizes a complex feature of citation dynamics that so far has received little attention, and also provides empirical evidence against the use of short-term citation metrics in the quantification of scientific impact.

scholarly journals Comparison between Two Case Studies of Developing and Nondeveloping African Easterly Waves during NAMMA and AMMA/SOP-3: Absolute Vertical Vorticity Budget

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 1420-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Arnault ◽  
Frank Roux
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
West African ◽  
Convective Activity ◽  
Cyclonic Vorticity ◽  
Easterly Waves ◽  
Horizontal Advection ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
Outward Transport ◽  
Vorticity Production

Abstract Two West African disturbances observed in August and September 2006 during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (NAMMA) and the Special Observing Period 3 (AMMA/SOP-3) have been simulated using the Méso-NH numerical model with explicit convection. The first disturbance spawned Hurricane Helene (2006) off the West African coast, and the second one, referred to as perturbation D, though relatively intense, failed to develop. Over the continent, each case was associated with a well-defined African easterly wave (AEW) trough with embedded growing and decaying convective activity of various size, duration, and intensity. The aim of this work is to investigate the contribution of these convective systems in the generation and maintenance of cyclonic vorticity associated with the AEW trough, with respect to the synoptic-scale processes. The absolute vorticity budgets are analyzed during the “continental” and “oceanic transition” stages of these AEW troughs in order to highlight the similarities and differences between the developing pre-Helene disturbance and the nondeveloping perturbation D. For the developing case, low- to midlevel cyclonic vorticity was produced by convective processes through tilting and stretching. Cyclonic vorticity was then transported upward through vertical advection associated with convection and outward through horizontal advection mostly induced by the large-scale midlevel diverging circulation related to the downstream AEW ridge. For the nondeveloping case, low- to midlevel cyclonic vorticity production through stretching and tilting, and its vertical transport were relatively similar over the continent but smaller over the oceanic transition because of weaker convective activity. The outward transport through horizontal advection was also weaker as there was little midlevel divergence induced by the downstream AEW ridge in this case.

scholarly journals The future of the Amazon: new perspectives from climate, ecosystem and social sciences

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1498) ◽  
pp. 1729-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A Betts ◽  
Yadvinder Malhi ◽  
J. Timmons Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Stability ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
Iconic Images

The potential loss or large-scale degradation of the tropical rainforests has become one of the iconic images of the impacts of twenty-first century environmental change and may be one of our century's most profound legacies. In the Amazon region, the direct threat of deforestation and degradation is now strongly intertwined with an indirect challenge we are just beginning to understand: the possibility of substantial regional drought driven by global climate change. The Amazon region hosts more than half of the world's remaining tropical forests, and some parts have among the greatest concentrations of biodiversity found anywhere on Earth. Overall, the region is estimated to host about a quarter of all global biodiversity. It acts as one of the major ‘flywheels’ of global climate, transpiring water and generating clouds, affecting atmospheric circulation across continents and hemispheres, and storing substantial reserves of biomass and soil carbon. Hence, the ongoing degradation of Amazonia is a threat to local climate stability and a contributor to the global atmospheric climate change crisis. Conversely, the stabilization of Amazonian deforestation and degradation would be an opportunity for local adaptation to climate change, as well as a potential global contributor towards mitigation of climate change. However, addressing deforestation in the Amazon raises substantial challenges in policy, governance, sustainability and economic science. This paper introduces a theme issue dedicated to a multidisciplinary analysis of these challenges.

scholarly journals Investigation of a metrological atomic force microscope system with a combined cantilever position, bending and torsion detection system

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Yiting Wu ◽  
Elisa Wirthmann ◽  
Ute Klöpzig ◽  
Tino Hausotte
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Cantilever Deflection ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Areal Measurement

Abstract. This article presents a new metrological atomic force microscope (MAFM) head with a new beam alignment and a combined one-beam detection of the cantilever deflection. An interferometric measurement system is used for the determination of the position of the cantilever, while a quadrant photodiode measures the bending and torsion of the cantilever. To improve the signal quality and reduce disturbing interferences, the optical design was revised in comparison to the systems of others (Dorozhovets et al., 2006; Balzer et al., 2011; Hausotte et al., 2012). The integration of the MAFM head in a nanomeasuring machine (NMM-1) offers the possibility of large-scale measurements over a range of 25mm×25mm×5 mm with sub-nanometre resolution. A large number of measurements have been performed by this MAFM head in combination with the NMM-1. This paper presents examples of the measurements for the determination of step height and pitch and areal measurement.

Design of 3D Imaging Lidar Optical System for Large Field of View Scanning

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Yan Li ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Shi-Yu Yan ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Chun-Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Scanning Angle ◽  
Maximum Radius

Abstract 3D lidar has been widely used in various fields. The MEMS scanning system is one of its most important components, while the limitation of scanning angle is the main obstacle for its application in various fields to improve the demerit. In this paper, a folded large field of view scanning optical system is proposed. The structure and parameters of the system are determined by theoretical derivation of ray tracing. The optical design software Zemax is used to design the system. After optimization, the final structure performs well in collimation and beam expansion. The results show that the scan angle can be expanded from ±5° to ±26.5°, and finally parallel light scanning is realized. The spot diagram at a distance of 100 mm from the exit surface shows that the maximum radius of the spot is 0.506 mm with a uniformly distributed spot. The maximum radius of the spot at 100 m is 19 cm, and the diffusion angle is less than 2 mrad. The energy concentration in the spot range is greater than 90% with a high system energy concentration, and the parallelism is good. This design overcomes the shortcoming of the small mechanical scanning angle of the MEMS lidar, and has good performance in collimation and beam expansion. It provides a design method for large-scale application of MEMS lidar.

Optical design of a large-scale in-door illumination simulating system

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xu ◽  
Shanping Jiang ◽  
Qingsheng Xiao ◽  
Pengsong Zhang ◽  
Linhua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Optical Design
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