Effect of annealing process on the changes in crystalline structure of TiNiCu amorphous ribbon

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor M. Breczko ◽  
Krzysztof Kus ◽  
Janusz Szczepanek
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Amorphous Ribbon ◽  
Annealing Process

scholarly journals VIII. The crystalline structure of metals. (second paper.)

1901 ◽  
Vol 195 (262-273) ◽  
pp. 279-301 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Prolonged Annealing ◽  
Suitable Temperature ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rate Of Cooling ◽  
Crystalline Pattern

The investigations described in the present paper deal principally with the phenomena of annealing. They form a continuation of the research described in the Bakerian Lecture for 1899 (‘Phil. Trans.,’A, vol. 193, 1900, pp. 353-377). In iron, steel, and brass these phenomena have been studied with the aid of the microscope by various workers, among whom Arnold, Charpy, Stead, and Roberts-Austen should be particularly mentioned. As a result of their labours it is well known that annealing is accompanied by a re-arrangement of the crystalline grains of the metal. Thus, when a piece of iron is strained in tension its crystalline grains become elongated in the direction of tension ; but when the specimen has been subsequently annealed by being heated to a bright red, all signs of such elongation disappear from the crystalline pattern revealed by the microscope. In fact it is not generally possible to find any definite connection between the crystalline pattern seen in the same specimen before and after annealing. In general, the pattern seen after annealing resembles that found in a similar specimen before it has been strained, but the scale and character of the pattern produced depend very much on the details of the annealing process, particularly upon the temperature applied, the time of its application, and the rate of cooling. Arnold and Stead have shown that prolonged annealing tends to produce large crystals in iron and steel. But even short exposure to a suitable temperature is well known to produce complete re­crystallisation, and it has been suggested that these changes occur at critical points corresponding to the “arrest-points” in the cooling of the metal. These arrest-points indicate evolutions of heat, and it is natural to suppose that they are evi­dences of re-arrangement of the structure of the metal.

In situ study of the annealing process of a polyethylene cast film with a row-nucleated crystalline structure by SAXS

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (35) ◽  
pp. 27722-27734 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Xu ◽  
X. D. Chen ◽  
Q. Cai ◽  
C. B. Chen ◽  
Y. F. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Secondary Crystallization ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Cast Film

The secondary crystallization has more effect on polyethylene crystal thickening than melt recrystallization during the annealing process.

Synthesis and Kinetic of Palladium Nanotube Using Polymer Compound

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Jong Ho Lee ◽  
Choong Soo Chi ◽  
Han Jun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Palladium Acetate ◽  
Polymer Compound ◽  
Friedman Method ◽  
Wetting Process ◽  
Template Wetting ◽  
Palladium Metal

The palladium nanotube was synthesized by template wetting and annealing process. And the activation energy for formation of the palladium metal from palladium acetate was evaluated. The activation energy was evaluated by Friedman method and the values were in the ranges between 65 and 98 kJ/mol. The diameters and lengths of synthesized palladium nanotubes ranged from 130 to 190 nm and from 2 to 3 μm, respectively. The palladium nanotubes can be successfully fabricated by the template wetting process, and the crystalline structure is confirmed by XRD. From DSC results the thermal decomposition of precursor containing palladium acetate/PLLA occurred at 248°C, which corresponds to the precipitation of palladium metal.

Optimization of Structure and Magnetic Properties of NdFeBTi Nanocomposite Magnets

2012 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Daniela Derewnicka ◽  
Piotr Dłużewski ◽  
Marzena Spyra ◽  
Hanna Krztoń
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Amorphous Ribbon ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanocomposite Magnets ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Melt Spun

This study investigated alloys with the composition Nd9Fe77B14 and Nd9Fe73Ti4B14 (at.%). Materials were melt spun in the form of a partially amorphous ribbon, which was subsequently annealed at 953K in order to obtain the optimum magnetic properties. The highest properties were obtained for annealing lasting 20 minutes (JHC = 913kA/m, Jr = 0,84T, BHmax = 107kJ/m3). Annealing at 953K results in simultaneous crystallisation in the whole mass of the alloy. The growth of grains is controlled by the duration of the annealing process. The objective of this work was to study the mechanisms of crystallisation and the reasons for a finer structure resulting from the presence of titanium. The phase composition was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. The microstructure was studied using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. Detailed analysis of titanium distribution in the grains and in the grain boundaries was examined by x-ray spectrometry.

Electron microscopy of crystalline structure in thermotropic random copolymers

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1054-1055
Author(s):  
Afzana Anwer ◽  
S. Eilidh Bedford ◽  
Richard J. Spontak ◽  
Alan H. Windle
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Identical Monomer ◽  
Periodic Layer

Random copolyesters composed of wholly aromatic monomers such as p-oxybenzoate (B) and 2,6-oxynaphthoate (N) are known to exhibit liquid crystalline characteristics at elevated temperatures and over a broad composition range. Previous studies employing techniques such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have conclusively proven that these thermotropic copolymers can possess a significant crystalline fraction, depending on molecular characteristics and processing history, despite the fact that the copolymer chains possess random intramolecular sequencing. Consequently, the nature of the crystalline structure that develops when these materials are processed in their mesophases and subsequently annealed has recently received considerable attention. A model that has been consistent with all experimental observations involves the Non-Periodic Layer (NPL) crystallite, which occurs when identical monomer sequences enter into register between adjacent chains. The objective of this work is to employ electron microscopy to identify and characterize these crystallites.

Magnetic Domain Observation of an Amorphous Fe-Si-B Ribbon by Means of a High Voltage Scanning Electron Microscope

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
K. Tsuno ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
T. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Amorphous Ribbon ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Magnetic Domains ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Voltage Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

Magnetic domains of ferromagnetic amorphous ribbon have been observed using Bitter powder method. However, the domains of amorphous ribbon are very complicated and the surface of ribbon is not flat, so that clear domain image has not been obtained. It has been desired to observe more clear image in order to analyze the domain structure of this zero magnetocrystalline anisotropy material. So, we tried to observe magnetic domains by means of a back-scattered electron mode of high voltage scanning electron microscope (HVSEM).HVSEM method has several advantages compared with the ordinary methods for observing domains: (1) high contrast (0.9, 1.5 and 5% at 50, 100 and 200 kV) (2) high penetration depth of electrons (0.2, 1.5 and 8 μm at 50, 100 and 200 kV). However, image resolution of previous HVSEM was quite low (maximum magnification was less than 100x), because the objective lens cannot be excited for avoiding the application of magnetic field on the specimen.

The extracellular matrix of echinoderm and amphibian eggs: Visualization in quick-frozen, deep-etched, and rotary-shadowed specimens

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Barry Bonnell ◽  
Carolyn Larabell ◽  
Douglas Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Cortical Granule ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Deep Etching ◽  
Quick Freezing ◽  
Acrosomal Reaction

Eggs of many species including those of echinoderms, amphibians and mammals exhibit an extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) that is important both in the reception of sperm and in providing a block to polyspermy after fertilization.In sea urchin eggs there are two distinctive coats, the vitelline layer which contains glycoprotein sperm receptors and the jelly layer that contains fucose sulfate glycoconjugates which trigger the acrosomal reaction and small peptides which act as chemoattractants for sperm. The vitelline layer (VL), as visualized by quick-freezing, deep-etching, and rotary-shadowing (QFDE-RS), is a fishnet-like structure, anchored to the plasma membrane by short posts. Orbiting above the VL are horizontal filaments which are thought to anchor the thicker jelly layer to the egg. Upon fertilization, the VL elevates and is transformed by cortical granule secretions into the fertilization envelope (FE). The rounded casts of microvilli in the VL are transformed into angular peaks and the envelope becomes coated inside and out with sheets of paracrystalline protein having a quasi-two dimensional crystalline structure.

Design of spline surface vacuum gripper for pick and place robotic arms

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
A. S. Jamaludin ◽  
M. N. M. Razali ◽  
N. Jasman ◽  
A. N. A. Ghafar ◽  
M. A. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Vacuum Suction ◽  
Robotic Arms ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Pick And Place ◽  
Manufacturing Procedure ◽  
Production Flexibility ◽  
The Impact

The gripper is the most important part in an industrial robot. It is related with the environment around the robot. Today, the industrial robot grippers have to be tuned and custom made for each application by engineers, by searching to get the desired repeatability and behaviour. Vacuum suction is one of the grippers in Watch Case Press Production (WCPP) and a mechanism to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing procedure. Pick and place are the important process for the annealing process. Thus, by implementing vacuum suction gripper, the process of pick and place can be improved. The purpose of vacuum gripper other than design vacuum suction mechanism is to compare the effectiveness of vacuum suction gripper with the conventional pick and place gripper. Vacuum suction gripper is a mechanism to transport part and which later sequencing, eliminating and reducing the activities required to complete the process. Throughout this study, the process pick and place became more effective, the impact on the production of annealing process is faster. The vacuum suction gripper can pick all part at the production which will lower the loss of the productivity. In conclusion, vacuum suction gripper reduces the cycle time about 20%. Vacuum suction gripper can help lower the cycle time of a machine and allow more frequent process in order to increase the production flexibility.

Influence of AlPO4 Crystalline Structure on Microstructure and Antioxidation Property of Multi-layer Coating

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Wen-Dong YANG ◽  
Jian-Feng HUANG ◽  
Li-Yun CAO ◽  
Chang-Kui XIA
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Layer Coating
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