Unique cost-effective approach for multisurfaced micro-aspheric lens prototyping and fabrication by single-point diamond turning and micro-injection molding technology

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Pun ◽  
Chi-Choy Wong ◽  
Norman S. Chan ◽  
Derek C. Louie ◽  
Li-Man Li
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diamond Turning ◽  
Micro Injection Molding ◽  
Aspheric Lens ◽  
Cost Effective Approach

scholarly journals Research on single point diamond turning of chalcogenide glass aspheric lens

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longlong Tang ◽  
Tianfeng Zhou ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Zhiqiang Liang ◽  
Xibin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chalcogenide Glass ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Diamond Turning ◽  
Aspheric Lens

scholarly journals Micro-Injection Molding of Diffractive Structured Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ann-Katrin Boinski ◽  
Barnabas Adam ◽  
Arne Vogelsang ◽  
Lars Schönemann ◽  
Oltmann Riemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mold Insert ◽  
Diamond Turning ◽  
Micro Injection Molding ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Structured Surfaces ◽  
Laser Lithography

In recent years, the use of highly functional optical elements has made its way into our everyday life. Its applications range from use in utility items such as cell phone cameras up to security elements on banknotes or production goods. For this purpose, the Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering (IWT) has been developing a cutting process for the fast and cost-effective production of hologram-based diffractive optical elements. In contrast to established non-mechanical manufacturing processes, such as laser lithography or chemical etching, which are able to produce optics in large quantities and with high accuracy, the diamond turning approach is extending these properties by offering several degrees of freedom. This allows for an almost unlimited geometric complexity and a structured area of considerable size (several tenth square millimeters), achieved in a single process step. In order to introduce diffractive security features to the mass market and to actual production goods, a high-performance replication process is required as the consecutive development step. Micro injection molding represents a feasible and promising option here. In particular, diamond machining enables the integration of safety features directly into the mold insert. Not only does this make additional assembly obsolete, but the safety feature can also be placed inconspicuously in the final product. In this paper, the potential of micro-injection molding as a replication process for diffractive structured surfaces will be investigated and demonstrated. Furthermore, the optical functionality after replication will be verified and evaluated.

scholarly journals Single Point Diamond Turning of Calcium Fluoride Optics

2012 ◽  
Vol 516 ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chun Luo ◽  
Ji Ning Sun ◽  
Wen Long Chang ◽  
James M. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Calcium Fluoride ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diamond Turning ◽  
White Spirit

This paper aims to develop a cost-effective diamond turning process to obtain nanosmooth CaF2 optics. Diamond tool wear was also carried out through a number of cutting trials. Three CaF2 specimens (diameter of 50 mm and thickness of 5 mm, crystal orientation of (111)) were diamond turned on an ultra precision lathe (Moore Nanotech 350UPL) by a number of facing cuts. In the cutting trials feed rate varied from 1 μm/rev to 10 μm/rev. White spirit mist was used as the coolant. Cutting forces were measured by a dynamometer (Kistler BA9256). Surface roughness of the CaF2 optics and tool flank wear were measured by a white light interferometer (Zygo Newview 5000) and a scanning electron microscope (FEI Quanta 3D FEG), respectively. It was found that using a feed rate of 1 μm/rev surface roughness Ra of 2 nm could be obtained. When the ratio of the normal cutting force to the tangential cutting force was lower than 1 tool wear would initiate. In diamond turning of calcium fluoride abrasive wear was the main tool wear mechanism. Using white spirit mist as thecoolant could avoid generation of thermal type brittle fracture on the machined CaF2 surfaces.

Study on Ultra-Turning Technology of Optical Chalcohalide Glass Using Diamond Tool

2010 ◽  
Vol 154-155 ◽  
pp. 946-950
Author(s):  
Mao Fu Liu ◽  
Lin Zhi Liu ◽  
Hui Xian Han
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Diamond Turning ◽  
Base Glass ◽  
Aspheric Lens ◽  
Aspherical Lens ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
Compensation Technique ◽  
Fiber Materials ◽  
Turning Test

Chalcohalide glasses become ideal infrared optical fiber materials because of its isotropy, homogeneousness and high transmittance in visible and infrared region. This paper reported an experimental study on micro aspherical lens using ultra-precision single-point diamond turning technology. Turning test of a GeSe2 sulfur-base glass aspheric lens using form error compensation technique is conducted and investigated in turning process. The experimental results show that micro aspheric lens surfaces with form (PV) around 0.167 µm and a roughness (Ra) less than 2 nm is achieved successfully.

E-Insurance :A Platform For Insurance Penetration In India

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
L. Terina Grazy ◽  
Dr.G. Parimalarani
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Work Done

E-commerce is a part of Internet Marketing. The arrival of Internet made the world very simple and dynamic in all the areas. Internet is the growing business as a result most of the people are using it in their day to day life. E-commerce is attractive and efficient way for both buyers and sellesr as it reduce cost, time and energy for the buyer. No surprise the insurance sector has become quite active within the internet sphere. Most insurance companies are offering policies to be brought online and also the portals for paying premiums. It actually saves from hassles involved in going to an insurance office and spend hours to get the insurance work done. Insurance has become an important and crucial aspect of life. Online insurance is the best and most cost effective approach of taking the insurance deal. This paper focused on influence of online marketing on the insurance industry in India, usage of internet in India , the internet penetration in India and the online sale of insurance product by the insurance sector.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Restrictive Legislation

Chapter 7 concludes by highlighting the three biggest messages from the analysis presented in this book: (1) the global gag rule has failed to achieve its goal of reducing abortions; (2) restrictive legislation is associated with more unsafe abortions; and (3) the expanded global gag rule is likely to have negative repercussions across a range of health outcomes for women, children, and men. They are simple but powerful messages that should be heard by policymakers over the voices calling for an ideologically based policy that fails to achieve its desired outcome. The chapter closes with a more constructive and cost-effective approach for US family-planning assistance that targets integrated reproductive health services.

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