Buried-glass waveguides by ion exchange through ionic barrier

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jun Li ◽  
Seppo Honkanen ◽  
Wei-Jian Wang ◽  
S. Iraj Najafi ◽  
Ari Tervonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Glass Waveguides

A General Analytical Solution for the Concentration Profiles of Ion-Exchanged Planar Waveguides

1991 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Paul F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Concentration Boundary ◽  
Glass Waveguides ◽  
General Analytical Solution ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
One Step

ABSTRACTDuring the recent years, a great variety of ion-exchange processes, including one-step or two-step electric field assisted ion-exchange processes, have been developed to fabricate different kinds of passive planar glass waveguides, e.g., surface waveguides, which correspond to surface maximum concentration, or buried waveguides, which correspond to inside maximum concentration [1,2,3]. Theoretical calculation of ionic concentration distribution has been of interest since refractive index is generally a linear function of concentration. A general analytical solution to calculate both surface and buried concentration distributions from different ion-exchange processes, however, has not yet been presented. In addition, traditional ion-exchange has been carried out only with constant surface concentration boundary conditions. Little attention has been paid, either experimentally or theoretically, to ion-exchange processes with variable boundary conditions. In fact, the time-dependent surface concentration is experimentally observed for the ion-exchange of GRIN glass in molten salt bath [4]. Very recently, a novel one-step technique [5,6] involving electric field assisted ion-exchange of Na+ in glass by Ag+ from molten AgNO3 bath with decaying silver concentration has been developed to produce buried Ag+ concentration profiles in glass. As the accurate and reproducible processes are very important for fabricating ion-exchanged glass waveguides, theoretical modeling and analysis on the new process are needed.In this paper, the one-dimensional field-assisted linear diffusion equation has been analytically solved by Laplace transformation to theoretically calculate concentration profiles produced by field enhanced ion-exchange process with exponentially decaying surface concentration boundary conditions. The applications of the solution to a variety of ion-exchange processes with different boundary or processing conditions for optical waveguide fabrication have been discussed. The theoretical results prove that the solution is a general analytical solution which can be used to calculate either surface concentration profiles or buried concentration profiles.

Compositional and stress-optical effects in glass waveguides: Comparison between KNa and AgNa ion exchange

1990 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Bernardi ◽  
S. Morasca ◽  
D. Scarano ◽  
A. Carnera ◽  
M. Morra
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Glass Waveguides ◽  
Optical Effects

Fabrication of large multimode glass waveguides by dry silver ion exchange in vacuum

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simo K. T. Tammela ◽  
Harri Pohjonen ◽  
Seppo Honkanen ◽  
Ari Tervonen
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Silver Ion ◽  
Glass Waveguides

Parameters of single-mode Ag+ion-exchange glass waveguides

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
N M Lyndin ◽  
D Kh Nurligareev ◽  
V A Sychugov ◽  
A V Tishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Glass Waveguides

Study of selectively buried ion-exchange glass waveguides using backside masking

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 021301-21304
Author(s):  
Chongyang Pei Chongyang Pei ◽  
Gencheng Wang Gencheng Wang ◽  
Bing Yang Bing Yang ◽  
Longzhi Yang Longzhi Yang ◽  
Yinlei Hao Yinlei Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Glass Waveguides

Modified double ion-exchange method for the fabrication of phase gratings in glass waveguides

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki Saarinen ◽  
Seppo Honkanen ◽  
Guang-Wen Zhang ◽  
S. Iraj Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Glass Waveguides ◽  
Ion Exchange Method
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