Graded-index profile analysis from M-line, optical polarimetry, and EDS measurements of glass waveguides produced by K+/Ag+ion-exchange combinations

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pelli ◽  
Giancarlo C. Righini ◽  
Marcelo B. Pereira ◽  
Flavio Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Index Profile ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Glass Waveguides

Utilizing multimode interference effects in integrated graded-index optical waveguides for efficient power splitting

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1556-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Philipp Roth ◽  
Thomas Kühler ◽  
Elmar Griese
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Multimode Interference ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Index Profile ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Waveguide Components ◽  
Efficient Power

Purpose For the realization of optical waveguide components, needed for photonic integrated circuits, multimode-interference based (MMI-based) devices are an excellent component class for the realization of low loss optical splitters. A promising approach to the manufacturing of these components is their embedding in thin glass sheets by ion-exchange diffusion processes, which has not yet been extensively studied. This study aims to significantly enhance the modeling of the diffusion process to support manufacturing of graded-index, MMI-based optical splitters. Design/methodology/approach The methods of design and analysis of MMI-based components are based on a step-index refractive index profile. In this work, fundamental correlations between the properties of the manufacturing ion-exchange process and the characteristics of the graded-index, MMI-based components are established. The refractive index profile is calculated with a proprietary solver based on the finite element method. Any further investigation with respect to parameter influence is based on the beam propagation method, specifically a finite difference based, semi-vectorial, wide-angle beam propagation algorithm. The influence of the parameters of the self-imaging effect is investigated. On this basis, different approaches for efficient power splitting with graded-index, MMI-based waveguide components are evaluated. Findings Easy approximations – mostly linear – can be found to model the dependencies of the investigated parameters. The resulting graded-index splitters are characterized by their low excess and insertion loss. Originality/value These findings are the first step in the direction of the semi-analytical modeling of the respective waveguide components to reduce the numerical effort.

Buried-glass waveguides by ion exchange through ionic barrier

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jun Li ◽  
Seppo Honkanen ◽  
Wei-Jian Wang ◽  
S. Iraj Najafi ◽  
Ari Tervonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Glass Waveguides

A General Analytical Solution for the Concentration Profiles of Ion-Exchanged Planar Waveguides

1991 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Paul F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Concentration Boundary ◽  
Glass Waveguides ◽  
General Analytical Solution ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
One Step

ABSTRACTDuring the recent years, a great variety of ion-exchange processes, including one-step or two-step electric field assisted ion-exchange processes, have been developed to fabricate different kinds of passive planar glass waveguides, e.g., surface waveguides, which correspond to surface maximum concentration, or buried waveguides, which correspond to inside maximum concentration [1,2,3]. Theoretical calculation of ionic concentration distribution has been of interest since refractive index is generally a linear function of concentration. A general analytical solution to calculate both surface and buried concentration distributions from different ion-exchange processes, however, has not yet been presented. In addition, traditional ion-exchange has been carried out only with constant surface concentration boundary conditions. Little attention has been paid, either experimentally or theoretically, to ion-exchange processes with variable boundary conditions. In fact, the time-dependent surface concentration is experimentally observed for the ion-exchange of GRIN glass in molten salt bath [4]. Very recently, a novel one-step technique [5,6] involving electric field assisted ion-exchange of Na+ in glass by Ag+ from molten AgNO3 bath with decaying silver concentration has been developed to produce buried Ag+ concentration profiles in glass. As the accurate and reproducible processes are very important for fabricating ion-exchanged glass waveguides, theoretical modeling and analysis on the new process are needed.In this paper, the one-dimensional field-assisted linear diffusion equation has been analytically solved by Laplace transformation to theoretically calculate concentration profiles produced by field enhanced ion-exchange process with exponentially decaying surface concentration boundary conditions. The applications of the solution to a variety of ion-exchange processes with different boundary or processing conditions for optical waveguide fabrication have been discussed. The theoretical results prove that the solution is a general analytical solution which can be used to calculate either surface concentration profiles or buried concentration profiles.

Graded-index diffractive structures fabricated by thermal ion exchange

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto-Pekka Salmio ◽  
Jyrki Saarinen ◽  
Jari Turunen ◽  
Ari Tervonen
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Diffractive Structures

scholarly journals Design of Silica Multimode Optical Fibers with Extremely Enlarged Core Diameter for Laser-Based Multi-Gigabit Short-Range Optical Networks

Photonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton V. Bourdine ◽  
Vladimir A. Burdin ◽  
Vijay Janyani ◽  
Ashish Kumar Ghunawat ◽  
Ghanshyam Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Index Profile ◽  
Core Diameter ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Comparison Results

This work presents an alternative fast and simple method for the design of a refractive index profile of silica multimode optical fibers (MMFs) with extremely enlarged core diameters of up to 100 µm for laser-based multi-gigabit short-range optical networks. We demonstrate some results of 100 µm core MMF graded index profile optimization performed by a proposed solution, which provides a selected mode staff differential mode delay (DMD) reduction over the “O”-band under particular launching conditions. Earlier on, a developed alternative model for a piecewise regular multimode fiber optic link operating in a few-mode regime for the computation of laser-excited optical pulse dynamics during its propagation over an irregular silica graded-index MMF with an extremely large core diameter, is utilized to estimate the potentiality of fiber optic links with the described MMFs. Here, we also present the comparison results of the simulation of 10GBase-LX optical signal transmission over 100 µm core MMFs with conventional and optimized graded-index refractive index profiles.

Compositional and stress-optical effects in glass waveguides: Comparison between KNa and AgNa ion exchange

1990 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Bernardi ◽  
S. Morasca ◽  
D. Scarano ◽  
A. Carnera ◽  
M. Morra
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Glass Waveguides ◽  
Optical Effects
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