Light-scattering changes caused by RBC aggregation: physical basis for new approach to noninvasive blood count

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid D. Shvartsman ◽  
Ilya Fine
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rbc Aggregation

scholarly journals Necrotic and apoptotic volume changes of red blood cells investigated by low-angle light scattering technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Mindukshev ◽  
Vladimir V. Krivoshlyk ◽  
Elena E. Ermolaeva ◽  
Irina A. Dobrylko ◽  
Evgeniy V. Senchenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Scattering Technique ◽  
Rbc Aggregation ◽  
Ammonia Medium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Light Scattering Technique

A low-angle light scattering technique, which has been applied previously to studies of blood platelets and Ehrlich ascite tumor cells, revealed differences in the dynamics of necrotic and apoptotic red blood cell death. Under hypotonic loading or in ammonia medium, red blood cells (RBC) swelled to a critical size (diameter approximately 13μm) prior to hemolysis (necrosis). Under acidic loading, hemolysis occurred with less pronounced swelling of cells (diameter approximately 10μm). Apoptosis induced by a calcium ionophore resulted in initial formation of echinocytes, followed by development of rounded red blood cells with uneven membrane, capable of agglomeration. In such a way, RBC aggregation can precede the final stages of the RBC apoptosis when small cellular fragments are generated. On the basis of erythrograms of the cells hemolysing in ammonia medium, the echinocytic (preapoptotic) and stomatocytic (prenecrotic) RBC were discerned due to the very high resistance of apoptotic RBC to osmotic (ammonia) loading.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR STEP-BY-STEP ADAPTATION OF THE WIDTH OF MEASUREMENT INTERVAL TO SIGNAL PARAMETERS

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Л.С. Терехов ◽  
А.А. Лаврухин
Keyword(s):  
Physical Basis ◽  
Measurement Interval ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Signal Parameters ◽  
Initial Signal ◽  
Computing Error

Указывается, что известные методы измерений исходного сигнала приводят к погрешностям, если ширина измерительных интервалов пошагово не адаптируется к меняющимся параметрам сигнала. Использован новый подход к измерению, раскрывающий единую физическую основу измерения и инструментального вычисления. Алгоритм, следствие указанного подхода, предназначен для получения дискретной последовательности отсчетов сигнала, соответствующих локально определяемым интервалам усреднения. Последовательность получаемых интервалов усреднения приближается к оптимальной и обеспечивает при измерении или решении вычислительной задачи уменьшение погрешности изменяющейся величины. Приведены результаты моделирования на трёх массивах отсчётов с фиксированными и адаптируемыми интервалами усреднения. It is indicated that the known methods for measuring some initial signal lead to errors if the width of the measuring intervals does not step by step adapt to changing signal parameters. A new approach to measurement is used, revealing a unified physical basis for measurement and instrumental computation. A new algorithm as a consequence of this approach is designed to obtain a sequence of discrete samples that matched to locally determined averaging intervals. Resulting sequence of averaging intervals ensures a decrease in the measurement or computing error. The results of calculations on three arrays of samples are presented with fixed and adaptable averaging intervals.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Light Scattering from Nanotextured Interfaces For Silicon Thin-film Solar Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corsin Battaglia ◽  
Jordi Escarre ◽  
Karin Söderström ◽  
Franz-Josef Haug ◽  
Didier Dominé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Silicon Thin Film ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Index Contrast ◽  
Trapping Performance

AbstractWe investigate the influence of refractive index contrast on the light scattering properties of nanotextured interfaces, which serve as front contact for p-i-n thin-film silicon solar cells. We here focus on ZnO surfaces with randomly oriented pyramidal features, known for their excellent light trapping performance. Transparent replicas, with a different refractive index, but practically identical morphology compared to their ZnO masters, were fabricated via nanoimprinting. Within the theoretical framework we recently proposed, we show how the angular and spectral dependence of light scattered by nanostructures with identical morphology but different refractive index may be related to each other allowing direct comparison of their light trapping potential within the device.

The optical spike

1975 ◽  
Vol 270 (908) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Action Current ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Excitable Membranes ◽  
Optical Effects ◽  
Wavelength Distribution

Among the signs of activity in excitable membranes, the action current (electrical spike) has been extensively studied. Recently, a new approach with optical methods has been rewarding. In nerves, a transient, rapid change of light scattering, birefringence and induced fluorescence can be observed during the passage of the action current. These optical effects are synchronous with the electrical spike and are therefore called the optical spikes. Birefringence decreases during excitation in the giant axon of the squid, the walking nerves of Maia , the vagus nerve of the rabbit, but it increases in the olfactory nerve of the pike, which contains 4 million nonmedullated nerve fibres. Light scattering increases or decreases depending on the angle of observation. Vitally stained nerves with fluorescent probes show an increase and a shift in the wavelength distribution of the fluorescent spike.

scholarly journals Reducing light scattering from surface contaminations by thin film design

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander von Finck ◽  
Steffen Wilbrandt ◽  
Olaf Stenzel ◽  
Sven Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Film Coatings ◽  
Thin Film Coatings ◽  
Particle Contamination ◽  
Coating Design ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn most applications, contamination of optical thin film coatings is inevitable over time. State-of-the art approaches to tackle this problem are usually based on two strategies – avoiding contamination or removing already existing contamination. We demonstrate that the coating design can be tailored to reduce light scattering and stray light arising from particle contamination. This allows reducing the optical symptoms (light scattering) rather than trying to address the inevitable cause of the problem (contamination) itself. This new approach can consequently be easily combined with state-of-the-art approaches.

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