Demonstration of the ultrafast response of 50-nm gate HEMTs using cw optical mixing techniques

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed E. Ali ◽  
Daipayan Bhattacharya ◽  
Hernan Erlig ◽  
Harold R. Fetterman ◽  
Mehran Matloubian
Keyword(s):  
Optical Mixing ◽  
Mixing Techniques

O2 transfer kinetics in a whole blood unicellular thin layer

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1854-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Heidelberger ◽  
R. B. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Half Time ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Mixing Techniques

A planar monocellular layer of whole blood (WB) sandwiched between two Gore-Tex membranes is used to study O2 uptake and release kinetics at 37 degrees C. Gore-Tex, a highly gas-permeable open mesh of Teflon fibrils (78% porosity, 0.2-microns pore size, 75-microns thick), constrains WB to form a thin film without imposing an appreciable gas diffusion barrier. WB layer thickness, measured by isotope dilution, is 1.7 +/- 0.2 microns. WB films are mounted between fiber optics in a gas flow tube for dual-wavelength (536/558 nm) oxyhemoglobin saturation measurements after a step change in PO2. For isocapnic (6% CO2) step changes in PO2 between 0 and 104 Torr, WB O2 uptake half time is 10.4 +/- 0.9 ms; WB O2 release half time is 20.6 +/- 2.4 ms. Half-time values are half of those previously reported. The thin-layer method reduces erythrocyte diffusion boundary layer error and thereby offers an attractive alternative to classical rapid fluid-mixing techniques.

Optical mixing of CO2‐laser radiation in a scanning tunneling microscope

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 6477-6480 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sammet ◽  
M. Völcker ◽  
W. Krieger ◽  
H. Walther
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Optical Mixing ◽  
Co2 Laser Radiation

scholarly journals Strong-field terahertz optical mixing in excitons

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Su ◽  
S. G. Carter ◽  
M. S. Sherwin ◽  
A. Huntington ◽  
L. A. Coldren
Keyword(s):  
Strong Field ◽  
Optical Mixing

The generation of molecular vibrational frequencies by optical mixing

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 651-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Martin ◽  
E.L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Frequencies ◽  
Optical Mixing

SYMMETRY PROPERTIES IN THE STUDY OF THE RAYLEIGH-TYPE OPTICAL MIXING SIGNAL IN PRESENCE OF A THERMAL BATH

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350007
Author(s):  
J. L. PAZ ◽  
A. MASTRODOMENICO ◽  
M. A. IZQUIERDO
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Molecular System ◽  
Thermal Bath ◽  
Bloch Equations ◽  
System A ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Intensity Response ◽  
Optical Mixing ◽  
Cumulant Expansions

In this work are studied the symmetry properties of the Rayleigh-type optical mixing signal of a two-level molecular system immersed in a thermal bath and irradiated by a classical electromagnetic field. The solvent induces a random shift of the Bohr frequency in the molecular system. A methodology based in cumulant expansions is employed to obtain the average of the coherences, populations, and susceptibilities of Fourier components associated, calculated by the optical stochastic Bloch equations. These symmetry properties show the dependence of the measured spectra with the variations in the frequencies of the incident fields. Our results show that the inclusion of the thermal bath diminishes the intensity response as well it promotes the loss of the symmetry properties, compared with the same results in the absence of the bath.

Model and Measurement Method of Optical Nonlinearities Caused by the Heterodyne and Homodyne Interference Terms in the Heterodyne Interferometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 613 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Hai Jin Fu ◽  
Jiu Bin Tan ◽  
Peng Cheng Hu ◽  
Zhi Gang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Optical Nonlinearities ◽  
Laser Polarization ◽  
Heterodyne Interferometer ◽  
Optical Mixing ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
Heterodyne Laser Interferometer

The heterodyne laser interferometer is widely applied in ultra-precision displacement measurement, but its accuracy is seriously restricted by the optical nonlinearity which arises from the optical mixing in the reference and measurement arms. In an ideal heterodyne laser interferometer, the beam from the laser source consists of two orthogonally linear-polarized components with slightly different optical frequencies and the two components can be completely separated by the polarizing optics, one traverses in the reference arm, the other traverses in the measurement arm, both of them are in the form of a pure optical frequency. However, in a real heterodyne laser interferometer, due to the imperfect laser polarization, the optics defect and the misalignment, the two components of the laser beam cant be perfectly separated, therefore both of the reference arm and the measurement arm contain a portion of the two laser components, which leads to an optical mixing in the two arms of the heterodyne interferometer and causes the cyclic nonlinearity of several to tens of nanometers.

scholarly journals Nanostructured Strontium-Doped Calcium Phosphate Cements: A Multifactorial Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Dapporto ◽  
Davide Gardini ◽  
Anna Tampieri ◽  
Simone Sprio
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Powder Particle Size ◽  
Extrusion Force ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements ◽  
Shear Mixing ◽  
Mixing Techniques

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been extensively studied in last decades as nanostructured biomaterials for the regeneration of bone defects, both for dental and orthopedic applications. However, the precise control of their handling properties (setting time, viscosity, and injectability) still represents a remarkable challenge because a complicated adjustment of multiple correlated processing parameters is requested, including powder particle size and the chemical composition of solid and liquid components. This study proposes, for the first time, a multifactorial investigation about the effects of powder and liquid variation on the final performance of Sr-doped apatitic CPCs, based on the Design of Experiment approach. In addition, the effects of two mixing techniques, hand spatula (low-energy) and planetary shear mixing (high-energy), on viscosity and extrusion force were compared. This work aims to shed light on the various steps involved in the processing of CPCs, thus enabling a more precise and tailored design of the device, based on the clinical need.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the role of mixing techniques in the observed variation in acetylcysteine infusion concentrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Layne ◽  
Louise Hope ◽  
Edmund Rab ◽  
John Archer ◽  
David M. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Techniques
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