scholarly journals An evaluation of the role of mixing techniques in the observed variation in acetylcysteine infusion concentrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Layne ◽  
Louise Hope ◽  
Edmund Rab ◽  
John Archer ◽  
David M. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Techniques

Anaphylactoid reactions in children receiving high-dose intravenous cyclosporine for reversal of tumor resistance: the causative role of improper dissolution of Cremophor EL.

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2508-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G Theis ◽  
M Liau-Chu ◽  
H S Chan ◽  
J Doyle ◽  
M L Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Cremophor El ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Anaphylactoid Reactions ◽  
Mixing Techniques ◽  
Preparation Techniques

PURPOSE An unusually high incidence of anaphylactoid reactions was observed during a phase I/II trial of high-dose intravenous cyclosporine (CsA) therapy to attenuate tumor multidrug resistance (MDR). Five of 21 children experienced severe anaphylactoid reactions shortly after initiation of the first or second CsA infusion. We hypothesized that improper dissolution of the vehicle Cremophor EL may have been a cause for these anaphylactoid reactions. METHODS All nurses who had administered intravenous CsA were interviewed regarding their technique of preparing the infusion and the occurrence of an anaphylactoid reaction. The responses were statistically analyzed. The effect of various mixing techniques on the distribution of Cremophor EL in the infusion was experimentally evaluated. Different mixing techniques were used to assess their effect on the distribution of Cremophor EL in the solution. RESULTS Analysis of the preparation techniques of the CsA infusion showed significant correlation between suboptimal mixing of CsA by nurses and the occurrence of anaphylactoid reactions (P = .02). Experimental simulation showed that suboptimal mixing results in an uneven distribution of Cremophor EL, which subsequently sinks to the bottom of the vial. CONCLUSION Improper mixing of high-dose CsA infusions causes nonsolubilized Cremophor EL to sink to the outflow area of the bottle. An initial bolus infusion of highly concentrated Cremophor EL may produce an anaphylactoid-like response. This mechanism of toxicity is important to recognize, because it is easily preventable by proper preparation of the infusion, thus reducing the incidence of potentially life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions.

scholarly journals Role of highly branched, high molecular weight polymer structures in directing uniform polymer particle formation during nanoprecipitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (20) ◽  
pp. 3915-3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona L. Hatton ◽  
Pierre Chambon ◽  
Alison C. Savage ◽  
Steve P. Rannard
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Polymer Particle ◽  
Branched Polymers ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Mixing Techniques ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanism

The presence of highly branched polymers with >100 conjoined primary chains is shown to induce a novel rapid nucleation and growth mechanism within polymer nanoprecipitation yielding functional, uniform nanoparticles without stabilisers, filtration or rapid mixing techniques.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Mixing Techniques and Disinfection on Microbial Colonization of Polyether Impression Materials: A Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Sharma ◽  
Renu B Pachar ◽  
Youginder Singla ◽  
Sangeeta Poriya ◽  
Aalok Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Impression Materials ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disinfectant Solution ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Mixing Techniques

ABSTRACT Aim This study aims to determine the role of mixing techniques of polyether impression materials and efficacy of disinfection on microbial colonization of these impression materials. Materials and methods Polyether impression material was mixed using two methods: First by hand mixing (group I) and second using an automixer (group II) with a total of 100 samples. Four microbial strains were studied, which included Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. After incubation, the bacterial colonies were counted, and then, disinfectant solution was applied. The effect of disinfection solution was evaluated for each specimen. Results The surface of polyether impression materials mixed with an automixer has less number of voids and overall a smoother surface as compared with the hand-mixed ones. On comparing the disinfection procedures, i.e., specimens without any disinfection and specimens after disinfection, statistically highly significant difference was seen between all the groups. Conclusion We can conclude that impression mixing procedures are important in determining the surface characteristics of the impression and ultimately the colonization of bacteria and also determine the importance of disinfection on microbial colonization. Clinical significance This study emphasises the deleterious role of nosocomial infections and specific measures that should be taken regarding the prevention of such diseases. Dental impressions are proved to be a source of such infections and may lead to transmission of such diseases. Thus, proper measures should be taken right from the first step of impression taking to minimizing and preventing such kind of contaminations in clinical practice. How to cite this article Singla Y, Pachar RB, Poriya S, Mishra A, Sharma R, Garg A. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Mixing Techniques and Disinfection on Microbial Colonization of Polyether Impression Materials: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):296-300.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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