Diode-based Raman sensor for fuel gas analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cocola ◽  
Fabio Melison ◽  
Nicolò Scarabottolo ◽  
Giuseppe Tondello ◽  
Luca Poletto
Keyword(s):  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Raman Sensor

Catalytic gasification of tobacco rob in steam–nitrogen mixture: Kinetic study and fuel gas analysis

Energy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Shiping Jin ◽  
Yixin Lin ◽  
Suyi Huang ◽  
Haiping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Gasification ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Mixture

scholarly journals Critical Factors Determining the Onset of Backdraft Using Solid Fuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-957
Author(s):  
Chia Lung Wu ◽  
Simón Santamaria ◽  
Ricky Carvel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Flammable Liquids ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Reduced Scale ◽  
Pyrolysis Gases

AbstractBackdraft is an explosive fire phenomenon which typically occurs during fire-fighting activities, occasionally leading to fire-fighter fatalities. Real backdraft incidents involve complex fuel gas mixtures consisting of the products of underventilated burning and pyrolysis following burnout. However, most experimental research into backdraft has used methane gas or flammable liquids as fuel. Some aspects of real backdraft behavior may have been overlooked as a consequence of this simplicity. A reduced scale series of compartment fire tests have been carried out to investigate the critical factors governing the onset of backdraft, using polypropylene and high density polyethylene samples as fuel. It is established that there are critical temperatures for auto-ignition of the pyrolysis gases leading to backdraft which vary with fuel properties. For polypropylene the highest temperature in the compartment must be above 350°C for auto-ignition of the fuel gases, while mixtures in the presence of a pilot source can be ignited down to about 320°C. Backdraft cannot occur when the compartment temperature is below 320°C. For polyethylene, the corresponding temperature for auto-ignition is 320°C. In parallel with these tests, a series of pyrolysis investigations have been carried out using the fire propagation apparatus, with FTIR gas analysis. The observed critical temperatures for backdraft correlate well with the evolved pyrolysis gases. Analysis shows that higher temperatures are required for backdraft when the CO/CO2 ratio is small, and that below the auto-ignition temperature, backdraft can only occur above a CO/CO2 ratio of about 35%. It is concluded that the crucial factors determining whether backdraft occurs or not are the maximum temperature and the CO/CO2 ratio in the compartment, prior to opening the door.

Fuel flexibility via real-time Raman fuel-gas analysis for turbine system control

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buric ◽  
S. Woodruff ◽  
B. Chorpening ◽  
D. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
System Control ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Fuel Flexibility

Comprehensive fuel-gas analysis by gas chromatography

The Analyst ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 90 (1077) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Blakemore ◽  
G. E. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Fuel Gas

Study on Indirect Measuring Technology of EAF Steelmaking Decarburization Rate by Off-gas Analysis Technique in Hot State Experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Dong ◽  
Wenjuan Liu ◽  
Rong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Decarburization Rate ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Dynamic Concentration

AbstractIn this paper, measurement method of EAF Steelmaking decarburization rate is studied. Because of the fuel gas blown and air mixed, the composition of hot temperature off-gas is measurand unreally, and the flow rate is unknown too, the direct measurement of EAF decarburization rate by furnace gas analysis is unrealized. Firstly, the off-gas generation process is discussed. After that, dynamic concentration of CO

Fuel Gas and Incandescent Gas Lighting

1888 ◽  
Vol 25 (635supp) ◽  
pp. 10139-10140
Author(s):  
Chas. M. Lungren
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Gas

Locomotive Boiler Flue Gas Analysis*

1912 ◽  
Vol 74 (1914supp) ◽  
pp. 159-160
Author(s):  
Lawford H. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Analysis

Efficacy of Near-Infrared Spectrometry for Monitoring the Cerebral Effects of Severe Dilutional Anemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arıtürk Cem ◽  
Ustalar Serpil ◽  
Toraman Fevzi ◽  
Ökten Murat ◽  
Güllü Ümit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Near Infrared Spectrometry

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Clear guidelines for red cell transfusion during cardiac surgery have not yet been established. The current focus on blood conservation during cardiac surgery has increased the urgency to determine the minimum safe hematocrit for these patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether monitoring of cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO<sub>2</sub>) via near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) is effective for assessing the cerebral effects of severe dilutional anemia during elective coronary arterial bypass graft surgery (CABG).</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The prospective observational study involved patients who underwent cerebral rSO<sub>2</sub> monitoring by NIRS during elective isolated first-time CABG: an anemic group (<em>N</em>=15) (minimum Hemoglobin (Hb) N=15) (Hb &gt;8 g/dL during CPB). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), pump blood flow, blood lactate level, pCO<sub>2</sub>, pO<sub>2</sub> at five time points and cross-clamp time, extracorporeal circulation time were recorded for each patient. Group results statistically were compared.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The anemic group had significantly lower mean preoperative Hb than the control group (10.3 mg/dL versus 14.2 mg/dL; <em>P</em> = .001). The lowest Hb levels were observed in the hypothermic period of CPB in the anemic group. None of the controls exhibited a &gt;20% decrease in cerebral rSO<sub>2</sub>. Eleven (73.3%) of the anemic patients required an increase in pump blood flow to raise their cerebral rSO<sub>2</sub>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In this study, the changes in cerebral rSO<sub>2</sub> in the patients with low Hb were within acceptable limits, and this was in concordance with the blood lactate levels and blood-gas analysis. It can be suggested that NIRS monitoring of cerebral rSO<sub>2</sub> can assist in decision making related to blood transfusion and dilutional anemia during CPB.</p>

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