scholarly journals Automatic threat evaluation for border security and surveillance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertus C. van den Broek ◽  
Jos van der Velde ◽  
Michiel van den Baar ◽  
Loek Nijsten ◽  
Rob van Heijster
Keyword(s):  
Border Security ◽  
Threat Evaluation

A Survey of Different Methods in Border Security and Surveillance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Palak Sood ◽  
Himani Sharma ◽  
Sumeet Kaur Sehra
Keyword(s):  
Border Security

Finding the Enemy

2013 ◽  
pp. 473-492
Author(s):  
Frank Russell
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Border Security ◽  
First Century ◽  
Military Intelligence ◽  
Hellenistic Greece

This chapter analyzes tactical intelligence, following a division by posture: offensive and mobile, and defensive or localized. There was an increase in the use of vanguards among the Greeks after the fourth century BC and among the Romans in the first. Cavalry widely used in this role. The role of reconnaissance in border security is then evaluated. It is noted that the speculatores who accompanied the legions left the field for the office sometime in the first century AD. Greek military intelligence never became professionalized, and did not ponder the sophistication of the prototypical organizations fielded by the tyrants of Cyprus and Sicily in the fourth century. Professionalism and unit identification in intelligence came neither to the poleis nor the kingdoms of Classical or Hellenistic Greece, and came finally to the Romans at least a century after they had pervaded the legions.

Borders as penal transplants: Control of territory, mobility and illegality in West Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 136248062199545
Author(s):  
Eva Magdalena Stambøl
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Mobility Control ◽  
Spatial Awareness ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Political Technology ◽  
Geographical Scope

This article explores an increasingly significant trend in crime and mobility control that has received scant criminological attention: border externalization, specifically scrutinizing land border security-building by international actors in West Africa. Going beyond the usual focus on migration in border studies, it develops a criminologically grounded theorization of the border as a political technology of crime control and its relationship to the state. This is done by arguing that borders, theorized as ‘penal transplants’ embodying specific (western) visions of state, political power, social control/order and territoriality, are transformed and often distorted when performed in ‘heterarchical’ contexts in the global South. Further, empirically based concepts from ‘the periphery’ are suggested to enrich border criminology, broadening its geographical scope and spatial awareness.

Radiator threat evaluation with missing data based on improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yu-Heng Xu ◽  
Si-Yi Cheng ◽  
Hu-Biao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Attribute Reduction ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Attribute Weights ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Improved Technique ◽  
Threat Evaluation

To solve the problem of the missing data of radiator during the aerial war, and to address the problem that traditional algorithms rely on prior knowledge and specialized systems too much, an algorithm for radiator threat evaluation with missing data based on improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) has been proposed. The null estimation algorithm based on Induced Ordered Weighted Averaging (IOWA) is adopted to calculate the aggregate value for predicting missing data. The attribute reduction is realized by using the Rough Sets (RS) theory, and the attribute weights are reasonably allocated with the theory of Shapley. Threat degrees can be achieved through quantization and ranking of radiators by constructing a TOPSIS decision space. Experiment results show that this algorithm can solve the incompleteness of radiator threat evaluation, and the ranking result is in line with the actual situation. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is highly automated and does not rely on prior knowledge and expert systems.

Comparing Two Decision Support Modes Using the Cognitive Shadow Online Policy-Capturing System

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1125-1129
Author(s):  
Katherine Labonté ◽  
Daniel Lafond ◽  
Aren Hunter ◽  
Heather F. Neyedli ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Policy Capturing ◽  
Model Accuracy ◽  
Prototype Tool ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Threat Evaluation

The Cognitive Shadow is a prototype tool intended to support decision making by autonomously modeling human operators’ response pattern and providing online notifications to the operators about the decision they are expected to make in new situations. Since the system can be configured either in a reactive “shadowing” or a proactive “recommendation” mode, this study aimed to determine its most effective mode in terms of human and model accuracy, workload, and trust. Subjects participated in an aircraft threat evaluation simulation without decision support or while using either mode of the Cognitive Shadow. Whereas the recommendation mode had no advantage over the control condition, the shadowing mode led to higher human and model accuracy. These benefits were maintained even when the tool was unexpectedly removed. Neither mode influenced workload, and the initial lower trust rating in the shadowing mode faded quickly, making it the best overall configuration for the cognitive assistant.

scholarly journals Contextualizing Security Innovation: Responsible Research and Innovation at the Smart Border?

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Klimburg-Witjes ◽  
Frederik C. Huettenrauch
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Responsible Research And Innovation ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Security Technologies ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Responsible Research

AbstractCurrent European innovation and security policies are increasingly channeled into efforts to address the assumed challenges that threaten European societies. A field in which this has become particularly salient is digitized EU border management. Here, the framework of responsible research and innovation (RRI) has recently been used to point to the alleged sensitivity of political actors towards the contingent dimensions of emerging security technologies. RRI, in general, is concerned with societal needs and the engagement and inclusion of various stakeholder groups in the research and innovation processes, aiming to anticipate undesired consequences of and identifying socially acceptable alternatives for emerging technologies. However, RRI has also been criticized as an industry-driven attempt to gain societal legitimacy for new technologies. In this article, we argue that while RRI evokes a space where different actors enter co-creative dialogues, it lays bare the specific challenges of governing security innovation in socially responsible ways. Empirically, we draw on the case study of BODEGA, the first EU funded research project to apply the RRI framework to the field of border security. We show how stakeholders involved in the project represent their work in relation to RRI and the resulting benefits and challenges they face. The paper argues that applying the framework to the field of (border) security lays bare its limitations, namely that RRI itself embodies a political agenda, conceals alternative experiences by those on whom security is enacted upon and that its key propositions of openness and transparency are hardly met in practice due to confidentiality agreements. Our hope is to contribute to work on RRI and emerging debates about how the concept can (or cannot) be contextualized for the field of security—a field that might be more in need than any other to consider the ethical dimension of its activities.

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