scholarly journals Using unmanned aerial systems to collect hyperspectral imagery and digital elevation models at a legacy underground nuclear explosion test site

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Anderson ◽  
Robert Dzur ◽  
Trevor Briggs ◽  
Dennis Lee ◽  
Emily Schultz-Fellenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Hyperspectral Imagery ◽  
Digital Elevation Models ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Explosion Test ◽  
Aerial Systems

scholarly journals Hyperspectral vegetation identification at a legacy underground nuclear explosion test site

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Redman ◽  
John D. van der Laan ◽  
Dylan Z. Anderson ◽  
Julia M. Craven ◽  
Elizabeth D. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Explosion Test

scholarly journals Accuracy of 3D Landscape Reconstruction without Ground Control Points Using Different UAS Platforms

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Kalacska ◽  
Oliver Lucanus ◽  
J. Pablo Arroyo-Mora ◽  
Étienne Laliberté ◽  
Kathryn Elmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Aerial Systems

The rapid increase of low-cost consumer-grade to enterprise-level unmanned aerial systems (UASs) has resulted in the exponential use of these systems in many applications. Structure from motion with multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry is now the baseline for the development of orthoimages and 3D surfaces (e.g., digital elevation models). The horizontal and vertical positional accuracies (x, y and z) of these products in general, rely heavily on the use of ground control points (GCPs). However, for many applications, the use of GCPs is not possible. Here we tested 14 UASs to assess the positional and within-model accuracy of SfM-MVS reconstructions of low-relief landscapes without GCPs ranging from consumer to enterprise-grade vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) platforms. We found that high positional accuracy is not necessarily related to the platform cost or grade, rather the most important aspect is the use of post-processing kinetic (PPK) or real-time kinetic (RTK) solutions for geotagging the photographs. SfM-MVS products generated from UAS with onboard geotagging, regardless of grade, results in greater positional accuracies and lower within-model errors. We conclude that where repeatability and adherence to a high level of accuracy are needed, only RTK and PPK systems should be used without GCPs.

scholarly journals High Incidence of Micronuclei in Lymphocytes from Residents of the Area near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Explosion Test Site

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIMIO TANAKA ◽  
NAILYA J. TCHAIJUNUSOVA ◽  
TOSHIHIRO TAKATSUJI ◽  
BORIS I. GUSEV ◽  
ALEXANDER K. H. SAKERBAEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Test Site ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Explosion Test

Distribution, focal mechanisms, and frequency of earthquakes in the Fairview Peak area, Nevada, near the time of the BENHAM explosion

1972 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Smith ◽  
J. M. Coakley ◽  
R. M. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Fault Plane ◽  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Nevada Test Site ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
Pressure Axis ◽  
Tension Axis ◽  
The One

Abstract Six portable seismographs were operated for 30 days in a network centered 25 km south of the epicenter of the 1954 Fairview Peak earthquake. The recording period lasted from 15 days before to 15 days after detonation of the one-megaton BENHAM underground nuclear explosion 250 km to the southeast of the Nevada Test Site on December 19, 1968. Approximately 950 earthquakes were detected within about 30 km of the network. No evidence was found that the explosion affected the rate of earthquake occurrence. Locations were computed for 152 earthquakes. The epicentral pattern shows north and northeast trends about 1 to 3 km wide. Focal depths range from 5 to 14 km. The main zones of activity seem to have a near-vertical orientation. Composite fault-plane solutions suggest that faulting within zones is not consistent with a single focal mechanism. Instead, a variety of mechanisms is indicated, consisting primarily of north-striking right-lateral oblique-slip, and northeast-striking dip-slip movements. In both cases, the pressure axis is near vertical and the tension axis is near horizontal, striking about S60°E.

scholarly journals Geomagnetic conjugate observations of ionospheric disturbances in response to a North Korean underground nuclear explosion on 3 September 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-345
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Chen Zhou ◽  
Qiong Tang ◽  
Guanyi Chen ◽  
Zhengyu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Conjugate Points ◽  
Ionospheric Disturbances ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosion ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Swarm Satellites ◽  
Electric Field Penetration ◽  
Field Penetration

Abstract. We report observations of ionospheric disturbances in response to a North Korean underground nuclear explosion (UNE) on 3 September 2017. By using data from IGS (International GNSS Service) stations and Swarm satellites, geomagnetic conjugate ionospheric disturbances were observed. The observational evidence showed that UNE-generated ionospheric disturbances propagated radially from the UNE epicenter with a velocity of ∼280 m s−1. We propose that the ionospheric disturbances are results of electrodynamic process caused by LAIC (lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling) electric field penetration. The LAIC electric field can also be mapped to the conjugate hemispheres along the magnetic field line and consequently cause ionospheric disturbances in conjugate regions. The UNE-generated LAIC electric field penetration plays an important role in the ionospheric disturbances in the region of the nuclear test site nearby and the corresponding geomagnetic conjugate points.

scholarly journals Mapping snow depth in alpine terrain with unmanned aerial systems (UAS): potential and limitations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Bühler ◽  
M. S. Adams ◽  
R. Bösch ◽  
A. Stoffel
Keyword(s):  
Snow Depth ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Aerial Systems ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Detailed information on the spatiotemporal distribution, and variability of snow depth (HS) is a crucial input for numerous applications in hydrology, climatology, ecology and avalanche research. Nowadays, snow depth distribution is usually estimated by combining point measurements from weather stations or observers in the field with spatial interpolation algorithms. However, even a dense measurement network is not able to capture the large spatial variability of snow depth present in alpine terrain. Remote sensing methods, such as laser scanning or digital photogrammetry, have recently been successfully applied to map snow depth variability at local and regional scales. However, such data acquisition is costly if manned airplanes are involved. The effectiveness of ground-based measurements on the other hand is often hindered by occlusions, due to the complex terrain or acute viewing angles. In this paper, we investigate the application of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), in combination with structure-from-motion photogrammetry, to map snow depth distribution. Such systems have the advantage that they are comparatively cost-effective and can be applied very flexibly to cover otherwise inaccessible terrain. In this study, we map snow depth at two different locations: (a) a sheltered location at the bottom of the Flüela valley (1900 m a.s.l.) and (b) an exposed location on a peak (2500 m a.s.l.) in the ski resort Jakobshorn, both in the vicinity of Davos, Switzerland. At the first test site, we monitor the ablation on three different dates. We validate the photogrammetric snow depth maps using simultaneously acquired manual snow depth measurements. The resulting snow depth values have a root mean square error (RMSE) better than 0.07 to 0.15 m on meadows and rocks and a RMSE better than 0.30 m on sections covered by bushes or tall grass. This new measurement technology opens the door for efficient, flexible, repeatable and cost effective snow depth monitoring for various applications, investigating the worlds cryosphere.

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