Characterizing three dimensional open cell structures without segmentation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Nurre ◽  
Thomas E. Dufresne ◽  
John H. Gideon
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Cell Structures

Open-Cell Foam Metal Production and Characterization by Aluminum Solid Mold Investment Casting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerem Altug Guler
Keyword(s):  
Investment Casting ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Metal Fabrication ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Small Complex ◽  
Open Cell Foam ◽  
Foam Metal ◽  
Cell Foam

Foam metals can be categorized in two basic classes: open-cell and closed-cell structures, which both have different numerous unique properties. Up to the present, several production processes have been developed for each class. Investment casting is known as a replication process for open-cell foam metal fabrication. Solid mold, which can be evaluated as a subtechnique of the investment casting, is specialized especially for small complex shapes with ultrathin sections. This work is a presentation of aluminum open-cell foam production with solid mold investment casting using two different kinds of patterns. The first one is “burnable,” in which liquid metal directly fills the shape of pattern and the second is “leachable,” in which metal takes the form of intergranular network shape of porous salt preforms.

Design of Three-Dimensional, Triply Periodic Unit Cell Scaffold Structures for Additive Manufacturing

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazher Iqbal Mohammed ◽  
Ian Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Triply Periodic ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Scaffold Structure

Highly organized, porous architectures leverage the true potential of additive manufacturing (AM) as they can simply not be manufactured by any other means. However, their mainstream usage is being hindered by the traditional methodologies of design which are heavily mathematically orientated and do not allow ease of controlling geometrical attributes. In this study, we aim to address these limitations through a more design-driven approach and demonstrate how complex mathematical surfaces, such as triply periodic structures, can be used to generate unit cells and be applied to design scaffold structures in both regular and irregular volumes in addition to hybrid formats. We examine the conversion of several triply periodic mathematical surfaces into unit cell structures and use these to design scaffolds, which are subsequently manufactured using fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing. We present techniques to convert these functions from a two-dimensional surface to three-dimensional (3D) unit cell, fine tune the porosity and surface area, and examine the nuances behind conversion into a scaffold structure suitable for 3D printing. It was found that there are constraints in the final size of unit cell that can be suitably translated through a wider structure while still allowing for repeatable printing, which ultimately restricts the attainable porosities and smallest printed feature size. We found this limit to be approximately three times the stated precision of the 3D printer used this study. Ultimately, this work provides guidance to designers/engineers creating porous structures, and findings could be useful in applications such as tissue engineering and product light-weighting.

Structural Characterization of the Cell Division Cycle in Strigomonas culicis, an Endosymbiont-Bearing Trypanosomatid

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Lopes Brum ◽  
Carolina Moura Costa Catta-Preta ◽  
Wanderley de Souza ◽  
Sergio Schenkman ◽  
Maria Carolina Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Protozoan Cell

AbstractStrigomonas culicis (previously referred to as Blastocrithidia culicis) is a monoxenic trypanosomatid harboring a symbiotic bacterium, which maintains an obligatory relationship with the host protozoan. Investigations of the cell cycle in symbiont harboring trypanosomatids suggest that the bacterium divides in coordination with other host cell structures, particularly the nucleus. In this study we used light and electron microscopy followed by three-dimensional reconstruction to characterize the symbiont division during the cell cycle of S. culicis. We observed that during this process, the symbiotic bacterium presents different forms and is found at different positions in relationship to the host cell structures. At the G1/S phase of the protozoan cell cycle, the endosymbiont exhibits a constricted form that appears to elongate, resulting in the bacterium division, which occurs before kinetoplast and nucleus segregation. During cytokinesis, the symbionts are positioned close to each nucleus to ensure that each daughter cell will inherit a single copy of the bacterium. These observations indicated that the association of the bacterium with the protozoan nucleus coordinates the cell cycle in both organisms.

scholarly journals Characterization and Preparation of Furanic-Glyoxal Foams

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuedong Xi ◽  
Antonio Pizzi ◽  
Hong Lei ◽  
Guanben Du ◽  
Xiaojian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Laser Desorption ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Compression Resistance

Synthetic foams have become an essential industrial product for a great variety of applications. Furfuryl alcohol, as a biomass chemical, was reacted with glyoxal at room temperature to prepare furanic-glyoxal rigid foams, and p-toluenesulfonic acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. Foams with different molar ratios (furfuryl alcohol/glyoxal) were prepared in this work, and uniform cells foams have been obtained. Their compression resistance, 24-h water absorption, density, and other basic properties were tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the cellular morphology of the foams prepared, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) helped to understand their thermal and combustion properties, and FTIR and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time of Flight (MALDI ToF) mass spectroscopy to explain the structure of the resulting foams to clarify the reactions occurring during foaming. The results show that the compression resistance of furanic-glyoxal foams declined as the furfuryl alcohol/glyoxal ratio decreases also. SEM observations revealed that foams with open-cell were obtained when furfuryl alcohol was added in greater amounts, and more closed cell structures were formed as the proportion of glyoxal increased. TGA results showed that the initial ignition temperature of furanic-glyoxal foams is ~200 °C higher than that of wood, and the smaller comprehensive combustion index S (about 0.15 × 10−7 (%2 K−3 min−2)) indicates that the foam burns slowly and has poor flammability, that is, it is not easy to burn.

Compressive properties of two-layered aluminum foams with closed-cell and open-cell structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101249
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Hangai ◽  
Mizuki Ando ◽  
Masataka Ohashi ◽  
Kenji Amagai ◽  
Ryosuke Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Closed Cell

711 Patterning collagen Utilizing PELID Method and its applications for Three-Dimensional cell Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011.19 (0) ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
Eijiro Yanai ◽  
Yuichi Isobe ◽  
Hroo Akiyama ◽  
shinjiro Umezu ◽  
Atusi Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Dimensional Cell

scholarly journals High temperature low vacuum synthesis of a freestanding three-dimensional graphene nano-ribbon foam electrode

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2617-2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale A. C. Brownson ◽  
Luiz C. S. Figueiredo-Filho ◽  
Bill L. Riehl ◽  
Bonnie D. Riehl ◽  
Maria Gómez-Mingot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
3D Graphene ◽  
Open Cell Foam ◽  
Cell Foam

A facile high temperature low vacuum process is reported for the synthesis of a freestanding 3D graphene nano-ribbon open cell foam electrode and its electrochemical properties are explored.

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