Infrared measurements of launch vehicle exhaust plumes

Author(s):  
Caroline Schweitzer ◽  
Norbert Wendelstein ◽  
Karin U. Stein ◽  
Phillip Ohmer
1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan D. Dao ◽  
David D. Curtis ◽  
Robert Farley ◽  
Philip Soletsky ◽  
Gilbert Davidson ◽  
...  

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S146
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Apte ◽  
Thomas W. Kirchstetter ◽  
Julian D. Marshall ◽  
William W. Nazaroff

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom McRae ◽  
Randall Kennedy ◽  
Darrel Garvis ◽  
Mark D. Smith

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1705-1716
Author(s):  
Xianbao Shen ◽  
Zhiliang Yao ◽  
Kebin He ◽  
Xinyue Cao ◽  
Huan Liu

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 4007-4049 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Dallmann ◽  
T. B. Onasch ◽  
T. W. Kirchstetter ◽  
D. R. Worton ◽  
E. C. Fortner ◽  
...  

Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) emissions were measured in July 2010 from on-road motor vehicles driving through a highway tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area. A soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was used to measure the chemical composition of PM emitted by gasoline and diesel vehicles at high time resolution. Organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured during various time periods that had different levels of diesel influence, as well as directly in the exhaust plumes of individual heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks. BC emission factor distributions for HD trucks were more skewed than OA distributions, with the highest 10% of trucks accounting for 56 and 42% of total measured BC and OA emissions, respectively. A comparison of measured OA and BC mass spectra across various sampling periods revealed a high degree of similarity in BC and OA emitted by gasoline and diesel engines. Cycloalkanes predominate in exhaust OA emissions relative to saturated alkanes (i.e., normal and iso-paraffins), suggesting that lubricating oil rather than fuel is the dominant source of primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions in diesel vehicle exhaust. This finding is supported by the detection of trace elements such as zinc and phosphorus in the exhaust plumes of individual trucks. Trace elements were emitted relative to total OA at levels that are consistent with typical weight fractions of commonly used additives present in lubricating oil. The presence of trace elements in vehicle exhaust raises the concern that ash deposits may accumulate over time in diesel particle filter systems, and may eventually lead to performance problems that require servicing.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Apte ◽  
Julian D. Marshall ◽  
William W Nazaroff

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