A 24mm diameter fibre positioner for spectroscopic surveys

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Hörler ◽  
Luzius Kronig ◽  
Jean-Paul Kneib ◽  
Hannes Bleuler ◽  
Mohamed Bouri
Keyword(s):  
Diameter Fibre

scholarly journals Selection of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Families for Sustainable Pulpwood Production by Means of Anatomical Characteristics

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ikumi Nezu ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Haruna Aiso ◽  
Sapit Diloksumpun ◽  
Jyunichi Ohshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Sib Families

Sustainable pulpwood production from fast-growing tree plantations is needed for pulp and paper industries. To increase the pulpwood production efficiency, the anatomical characteristics and derived-wood properties of 75 trees from 15 half-sib families of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. planted in Thailand were investigated, and then the family was classified by suitability of wood as raw material for pulp and paper products using principal component analysis and clustering. The mean values of vessel diameter, vessel frequency, fibre diameter, fibre lumen diameter, and fibre wall thickness at 2 cm from the cambium were 128 µm, 16 no./mm2, 11.1 µm, 7.1 µm, and 1.88 µm, respectively. In addition, the Runkel ratio, Luce’s shape factor, flexibility coefficient, slenderness ratio, solids factor, and wall coverage ratio (i.e., derived-wood properties) were 0.53, 0.42, 0.64, 85.3, 68 × 103 µm3, and 0.34, respectively. Significant differences in fibre diameter, fibre lumen diameter, and Runkel ratio were found among families. Although significant differences among families were not found for other anatomical characteristics and derived-wood properties, the p-values obtained by an analysis of variance test ranged from 0.050 to 0.088. Based on the results of a principal component analysis and cluster analysis, 15 families were classified into four clusters with different expected pulp and paper characteristics. The suitability of wood from E. camaldulensis half-sib families for pulp and paper can be evaluated by principal component analysis using anatomical characteristics and physical properties as variables. Based on the results, desirable pulp and paper quality may be obtained through the selection of families from this species.

Anatomy of Acacia Mangium Grown in Malaysia

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Hamami Sahri ◽  
Faridah Hanum Ibrahim ◽  
Nor Aini Ab. Shukor
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Plantation Forests ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Two Age Groups

A study on the tissue proportions and fibre dimensions of plantation-grown Acacia mangium was carried out. Ten selected trees from two age groups (4- and 8-year-old) were obtained from plantation forests in Selangor. Disks were taken from four sampling heights. Acacia mangium wood is diffuse-porous with mostly solitary vessels. The rays are uniseriate. The average percentage of fibres, vessels and rays of 4-year-old and 8-year-old samples are 85.8%, 9.1%, 5.2% and 84.8%, 9.8%, 5.3%, respectively. Acacia is a shortfibred tropical species. The average fibre length, fibre diameter, fibre lumen diameter and fibre wall thickness are 934, 24, 17 and 3.3 µm for 4-year-old samples and 1017,20, 12 and 4.3 µm for 8-year-old sampies, respectively. The sampies near the pith have the shortest fibres and the length increases toward the bark. Fibre length also tends to decrease with height. The vessel percentage decreases with increasing height.

scholarly journals Anatomía comparada del leño de Maytenus en el Noroeste de Argentina (Sudamérica)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Giménez ◽  
Juana Graciela Moglia ◽  
M. E. Figueroa ◽  
J. A. Díaz-Zírpolo ◽  
Federico Calatayu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy

Comparative wood anatomy of Maytenus in Northwestern Argentina (South America)This paper is a comparative wood anatomy study of four species of the genus Maytenus living in Northwest Argentina: Maytenus vitisidaea, M. viscifolia, M. spinosa and M. cuezzoi. The specimens were collected in Santiago del Estero and Salta, Argentina and wood samples are safeguarded in the collection of the LAM (Laboratory of Wood Anatomy), Faculty of Forestry of Santiago del Estero University (UNSE), Argentina. The terminology used followed the IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification. The diagnostic features of wood anatomical characters were evaluated by employing statistical methods such as Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA showed vessel diameter, fibre wall, and ray width to be significant variables. CA showed M. cuezzoi and M. viscifolia to have the highest affinity.Anatomía comparada del leño de Maytenus en el Noroeste de Argentina (Sudamérica)El presente trabajo es un estudio de anatomía comparada de madera de cuatro especies del género Maytenus del Noroeste Argentino:Maytenus vitis-idaea, M. viscifolia, M. spinosa y M. cuezzoi. Las muestras fueron recolectadas en Santiago del Estero y Salta, Argentinay se salvaguardan en la colección del LAM (Laboratorio de Anatomía de Madera), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales de la Universidad deSantiago del Estero (UNSE), Argentina. Se empleó la terminología de IAWA (Lista de caracteres anatómicos del xilema de angiospermas).Los caracteres anatómicos de madera fueron evaluados mediante métodos estadísticos tales como análisis de conglomerados (AC) y elAnálisis de Componentes Principales (PCA). El PCA mostró como variables significativas el diámetro de vasos, el espesor de pared de lasfibras y el ancho de radios. El CA mostró que M. cuezzoi y M. viscifolia tienen alta afinidad específica.

Anatomical properties of Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. at five different ages

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Makrand Gujar ◽  
R. Vishnu ◽  
Jyothi Mandan ◽  
I. Sekar ◽  
E. Anoop
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Fibre Wall ◽  
Vessel Morphology ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba

Anthocephalus cadamba is an important tree species for pulp and paper industry. Anatomical studies were conducted between trees of different age viz., 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 were selected from different plantation. One plus tree from each age was felled for the study. The transverse discs of 10 cm thickness were collected from three different heights of tree representing base, middle and top positions. Anatomical properties like Fibre Length, Fibre Diameter, Fibre Lumen Width, Fibre Wall Thickness, Flexibility, Slenderness ratio, Runkel ratio, Vessel Length, Vessel Diameter, Vessel Area, Vessel Frequency, Ray Height, Ray Width and Ray Frequency were studied. Present study revealed that the average Runkel ratio of Anthocephalus cadamba was 0.48; hence it is suitable for pulp and paper production. Fibre length at the ages of 6, 8 and 10 were at par. Fibre wall thickness were not significantly different at 2, 4, 6 and 8 age but 10 years of age fibre wall thickness differed significantly from other five different ages. Fibre diameter, fibre lumen width and slenderness were at par for all the five ages. Flexibility was at par in the ages of 2, 4, 6, and 8. Best practice of harvesting Anthocephalus cadamba would be at the age of six. Ray and vessel morphology did not show any specific trend from two to ten years old tree.

Effect of the dehairing dromedary hair process on yield, fibre diameter, fibre length and fibre tenacity

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Msahli ◽  
T. Harizi ◽  
F. Sakli ◽  
T. Khorchani
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Diameter Fibre

scholarly journals Impact of Apparatus Orientation and Gravity in Electrospinning—A Review of Empirical Evidence

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2448
Author(s):  
Sinduja Suresh ◽  
Alexander Becker ◽  
Birgit Glasmacher
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Jet Trajectory ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Primary Difference ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
The Impact

Electrospinning is a versatile fibre fabrication method with applications from textile to tissue engineering. Despite the appearance that the influencing parameters of electrospinning are fully understood, the effect of setup orientation has not been thoroughly investigated. With current burgeoning interest in modified and specialised electrospinning apparatus, it is timely to review the impact of this seldom-considered parameter. Apparatus configuration plays a major role in the morphology of the final product. The primary difference between spinning setups is the degree to which the electrical force and gravitational force contribute. Since gravity is much lower in magnitude when compared with the electrostatic force, it is thought to have no significant effect on the spinning process. But the shape of the Taylor cone, jet trajectory, fibre diameter, fibre diameter distribution, and overall spinning efficiency are all influenced by it. In this review paper, we discuss all these developments and more. Furthermore, because many research groups build their own electrospinning apparatus, it would be prudent to consider this aspect as particular orientations are more suitable for certain applications.

Influence of nutrition, fibre diameter and fibre length on the fibre curvature of cashmere

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Nutrition Management ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Management Preparation ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Raw and dehaired Australian and Chinese Liaoning cashmere were evaluated for cashmere fibre curvature, cashmere fibre length, resistance to compression, and mean fibre diameter. Tested cashmere originated from commercial lots, and previous experimental samples. In Australian goats, cashmere fibre curvature was dependent on nutrition. Goats fed to lose weight grew cashmere with significantly (P<0.05) increased fibre curvature compared with goats fed to gain weight (61 v. 47°/mm) but total fibre curvature (fibre curvature × fibre length) was not affected by nutrition treatment. In raw Liaoning cashmere, there was a significant (P<0.001) difference between each age and sex group in fibre curvature (bucks 52; does 65; kid bucks 78°/mm). Increasing Liaoning cashmere staple crimp frequency by 1/cm was correlated with an increase in fibre curvature of 6.5°/mm (r2 = 0.61). In raw and dehaired Australian and Liaoning cashmere, increasing mean fibre diameter and cashmere fibre length was associated with decreasing fibre curvature (for each 3 μm increase in mean fibre diameter fibre curvature declined 10–41°/mm; for each 10 mm increase in cashmere fibre length fibre curvature declined 3–13°/mm). Increasing cashmere mean fibre diameter was positively correlated with dehaired cashmere fibre length (for each 3 μm change in mean fibre diameter there was a change of 7–23 mm in length). In Australian and Liaoning cashmere, the direction of responses to changes in cashmere fibre attributes measured on the fibre curvature was similar. In raw Australian and Liaoning cashmere, increasing the ratio of cashmere fibre length:mean fibre diameter was associated with reduced fibre curvature. It was concluded that the high fibre curvature of Liaoning cashmere may be a consequence of low mean fibre diameter and short fibre length resulting from a production system where goats are relatively poorly fed. The results suggest that for Australian cashmere, only a certain number of crimps are produced. As such, crimp frequency in Australian cashmere is time dependent and not length dependent. Producers can manipulate the fibre curvature attributes of their cashmere by altering cashmere production via nutrition management. Preparation and testing procedures for the selling of raw cashmere and definitions of cashmere may need to be revised to include fibre curvature.

Environmental responsiveness of fibre diameter in grazing fine wool Merino sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Brown ◽  
B. J. Crook
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Environmental Responsiveness ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Profile Characteristics

Fibre diameter, fibre length, and the ratio of fibre length growth to mean fibre diameter (L/D), fibre diameter profile characteristics, and staple strength were examined in 16 fine wool Merino wethers in a 12-month field experiment. Variations in fibre diameter, fibre length, and L/D were shown to be associated with fibre diameter profile characteristics and staple strength. At constant fibre diameter, L/D was significantly positively related to variation in fibre diameter along the staple. A positive correlation between seasonal variation in L/D and variation in diameter between fibres was also observed. Staple length was significantly positively correlated with along-staple variation in fibre diameter and negatively correlated with variation in fibre diameter among fibres. Among-fibre variation in fibre diameter was not significantly correlated with along-staple variation in fibre diameter. Seasonal variation in fibre length growth, fibre diameter, and the ratio of length to diameter throughout the year was associated with increased variation in fibre diameter along the fibre diameter profile and reduced staple strength in grazing sheep. Seasonal variation in fibre diameter was mostly related to mean fibre diameter, L/D, and seasonal variation in fibre length growth rate. Changes in fibre diameter throughout the year were also related to seasonal changes in body weight, fat depth, and skin thickness.

Cashmere production and fleece attributes associated with farm of origin, age and sex of goat in Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. McGregor ◽  
K. L. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
A Minor ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Staple Length

Differences in cashmere production and fleece attributes associated with farm of origin, age and sex were quantified for commercial Australian cashmere goat enterprises. From 11 farms in four states, 1147 does and 97 wethers were monitored, representing 1- to 13-year-old goats. Individual clean cashmere production ranged from 21 to 389 g, with a mean ± standard deviation value of 134 ± 62 g. The mean cashmere production of 2-year-old does from different farms varied from 69 to 225 g and averaged 141 g. Mean ± s.d. greasy fleece weight was 394 ± 123 g, clean washing yield was 90.8 ± 4.1%, clean cashmere yield 33.4 ± 9.4%, cashmere fibre diameter 16.4 ± 1.6 µm, fibre curvature 48 ± 8.7 degrees/mm and staple length 8.7 ± 2.1 cm. There were large, commercially significant differences between farms for clean cashmere weight, mean fibre diameter and other attributes of cashmere. These were much larger than the effects of age and sex. Farm and age accounted for 42 to 67% of the variation in clean cashmere production, mean fibre diameter, fibre curvature, staple length and clean washing yield. Farm of origin affected clean cashmere yield, accounting for 24% of the variation. Sex of the goats had only a minor effect on the staple length of cashmere. The responses to age of clean cashmere weight, mean fibre diameter and the inverse of fibre curvature are very similar. Generally, cashmere production and mean fibre diameter increased with age. For the majority of farms, cashmere fibre curvature declined in a curvilinear manner with increases in age of goat. There were large differences in cashmere staple length from different farms, with means ranging from 7 to 12 cm. Between 1 and 2 years of age, the staple length of cashmere demonstrated a constant proportional increase. At ages older than 2 years, staple length either declined or increased by less than 1 cm with age, depending on the farm of origin. This study demonstrates that there are large gains in productivity that can be achieved from Australian cashmere goats. A better understanding of on-farm factors that influence cashmere production would enable all producers to optimise their production systems.

Fabrication and Characterisation of the First Graphene Ring Micro Electrodes (GRIMEs)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Dickinson ◽  
F.P.L. Andrieux ◽  
C. Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Redox System ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Outer Radius ◽  
Ring Electrode ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Fibre Optics ◽  
Thin Ring ◽  
Reduced Graphite Oxide ◽  
Diameter Fibre

ABSTRACTWe report the fabrication and characterisation of the first graphene ring micro electrodes, formed by dip coating fibre optics with subsequently reduced graphite oxide. The behaviour of the so-formed Graphene RIng Micro Electrodes (GRIMEs) is studied using the ferricyanide probe redox system while electrode thicknesses is assessed using established electrochemical methods. A ring electrode of ∼73 nm thickness is produced on 220 μm diameter fibre optics, corresponding to an inner to outer radius ratio of >0.999, so allowing for use of extant analytical descriptions of very thin ring micro electrodes in data analysis. GRIMEs are highly reliable (current response invariant over >3000 scans) with the microring design allowing for efficient use of electrochemically active graphene edge sites. Further, the associated nA scale currents neatly obviate issues relating to the high resistivity of undoped graphene. Thus, the use of graphene in ring micro electrodes improves the reliability of existing micro electrode designs and expands the range of use of graphene-based electrochemical devices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document