Calculation algorithm for determination of dose versus LET using recombination method

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Dobrzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Algorithm

Monte Carlo method for the reduction of measurement errors in the material parameter estimation with cavities

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Peter ◽  
Luca Bifano ◽  
Gerhard Fischerauer
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Material Parameter ◽  
Cavity Resonator ◽  
Calculation Algorithm ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Electromagnetic Resonances

Abstract The quantitative determination of material parameter distributions in resonant cavities is a relatively new method for the real-time monitoring of chemical processes. For this purpose, electromagnetic resonances of the cavity resonator are used as input data for the reverse calculation (inversion). However, the reverse calculation algorithm is sensitive to disturbances of the input data, which produces measurement errors and tends to diverge, which leads to no measurement result at all. In this work a correction algorithm based on the Monte Carlo method is presented which ensures a convergent behavior of the reverse calculation algorithm.

scholarly journals On the Determination of Meshed Distribution Networks Operational Points after Reinforcement

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Vita ◽  
Stavros Lazarou ◽  
Christos A. Christodoulou ◽  
George Seritan
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Robustness ◽  
Current Load ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Calculation Algorithm

This paper proposes a calculation algorithm that creates operational points and evaluates the performance of distribution lines after reinforcement. The operational points of the line are probabilistically determined using Monte Carlo simulation for several objective functions for a given line. It is assumed that minimum voltage at all nodes has to be balanced to the maximum load served under variable distributed generation production, and to the energy produced from the intermittent renewables. The calculated maximum load, which is higher than the current load, is expected to cover the expected needs for electric vehicles charging. Following the proposed operational patterns, it is possible to have always maximum line capacity. This method is able to offer several benefits. It facilitates of network planning and the estimation of network robustness. It can be used as a tool for network planners, operators and large users. It applies to any type of network including radial and meshed.

Model of the Deformation Process under Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Jerzy Okrajni ◽  
Grzegorz Junak
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Process ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Calculation Algorithm ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue

The paper focuses on the development of a mathematical representation of deformation characteristics under the conditions of an elevated changeable temperature and mechanical loads. The method proposed in the paper is based on the use of characteristics determined in low-cycle fatigue tests at constant temperatures. Hysteresis loops reflecting the behaviour of a material under the conditions of low-cycle loads at an elevated temperature were primarily used. The effect of relaxation on the course of the hysteresis loop was taken into account. The steady state of the material is referred to in the proposed representation. A calculation algorithm was developed to enable the determination of the stress value for subsequent increases of strain over time. The results obtained were compared with experimentally determined characteristics.

scholarly journals An improved method for determining the total energy intensity of goods for multi-product productions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
O.Ye. Malyarenko ◽  
◽  
V.V. Stanytsina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Calculation Algorithm ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The total energy intensity of goods, labour and services as an indicator of energy efficiency is introduced in DSTU 3682-98 "Methods of determination of total energy cost of goods, labour and services", but some of its components listed in the standard still do not have clear algorithms for determining them. The article provides an overview of changes and extensions to the methodology presented in the articles of scientists of the Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, who develop this methodology for more than 20 years. Authors propose such extensions and advancements to the methodology: the calculation algorithm of direct and technological energy intensity of goods production was advanced by the use of proportions for each product for multi-productive technologies, new calculation algorithm is proposed to assess energy intensity of labour and technological assets, also a set of hazardous pollutions was accounted in the method of assessments of abatement technologies energy intensity. The proposed advanced methodology could be used both for existing single- and multi-products technologies retrofit planning and for the design of new technological facilities taking into account a wide range of production factors including impact on the environment. Keywords: energy intensity of products, technology, direct energy intensity, total energy intensity, distribution of common energy costs

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF UNIFORM STRENGTH DESIGN OF CABLE-NET MID-WATER TRAWL

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Michael Rozenshtein
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Calculation Algorithm ◽  
Strength Design ◽  
Uniform Strength ◽  
Permissible Stresses

The article implements the previously outlined proposal [1] on the feasibility of calculating the diameters of cables and threads of the cable-net part of a mid-water trawl based on ensuring their strength is equal to the cables in the first net piece. The case study was carried out regarding a commonly used trawl “Atlantic-1920 m, Nizin” developed by the company “Fishering Service”. The calculation algorithm is described which includes determination of resistance forces of the cable-net part and tensions in the cables and threads of net pieces. The safety factor is determined on the basis of the permissible stresses for the respective materials of which cables and threads are manufactured. After that, the values of diameters for cables and threads are calculated so as to ensure that the safety factor in the net pieces is equal to the cables in the first net piece. As a result, the formula is derived, which is able to calculate the diameters of cables and threads of the cable-net part of a mid-water trawl based on ensuring their strength is equal to the cables in the first net piece.

Simultaneous Determination of Absorption Coefficients for Skin and Muscle Tissues Using Spatially Resolved Measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Suzuki ◽  
Masatsugu Niwayama ◽  
Toshitaka Yamakawa ◽  
Masaki Ohkubo ◽  
Ryotaro Kime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Calculation Algorithm ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
Deep Layers

We present a method for simultaneous measurement of optical absorption coefficients for skin (μas) and muscle (μam) tissues using spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (SRS). A novel calculation algorithm was developed to determine the absorption coefficients of superficial and deep layers within a three-layered structure using Monte Carlo simulation. A method for measuring the skin and muscle absorption coefficients was proposed based on this algorithm. In vitro experiments with tissue-like phantom and in vivo tests were performed using the SRS system with four separate detectors. The results show that the absorption coefficients for both skin and muscle tissues were obtained accurately.

Calculation of Bolted Flange Connections of Floating and Metal-to-Metal Contact Type

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schaaf ◽  
J. Bartonicek
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Metal Contact ◽  
Second Step ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Calculation Algorithm ◽  
Contact Type ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Floating Type ◽  
Bolted Flange

In Europe, in 2001 the new standard EN 1591 for strength and tightness proofs of bolted flange connections (BFC) of floating type flanges was released. In addition, the German nuclear code was revised regarding the calculation of BFC. With this standard not only the floating type but also the metal-to-metal contact type of flanges (MMC) can be treated. Additionally, the ASME code is the basis for the flange calculation in the European standard EN 13445, which is the standard for unfired pressure vessels. In compliance with the goal of the calculation, the different calculation codes can be used. There must be a differentiation between the design of the components, the determination of the prestress values for assembly, the stress analysis and the tightness proof of the BFC. First, all parameters which influence the function of the bolted flange connection are considered. In a second step, the range of use of the different standards and the calculation algorithm are discussed.

Determination of the Gasket Stress Distribution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Calculation Algorithm ◽  
Element Analysis

The European Standard EN 1591-1 is used for the calculation of bolted flanged joints, stress analysis as well as for tightness proofs. In this calculation procedure gasket characteristics according to EN 13555 are used to describe the mechanical and the tightening behavior of gasket materials. With further developments in the calculation algorithm and the use of the realistic gasket behavior in the calculation more detailed results can be obtained, which are comparable to results obtained from Finite Element Analysis. The flange rotation and the resulting uneven gasket stress distribution in the radial direction during the assembly of the flanged joint is the fundamental principle in this development. The effective compressed gasket width has influence on the required gasket forces for the tightness proof as well as on the mechanical behavior of the flanged joint, and thus also on the stress analysis. In this paper, the determination of the effective gasket width using a newly developed approach [1] is optimized and the verification of this approach with Finite Element Analysis for several different gasket materials and flange geometries is shown.

scholarly journals Development of a Procedure for the Determination of the Buckling Resistance of Steel Spherical Shells According to EC 1993-1-6

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Paweł Błażejewski
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Shell ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Calculation Algorithm ◽  
Spherical Shells ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Buckling Resistance

This paper presents the process of developing a new procedure for estimating the buckling capacity of spherical shells. This procedure is based entirely on the assumptions included in the standard mentioned, EN-1993-1-6 and also becomes a complement of EDR5th by unifying provisions included in them. This procedure is characterized by clarity and its algorithm is characterized by a low degree of complexity. While developing the procedure, no attempt was made to change the main postulates accompanying the dimensions of the spherical shells. The result is a simple engineering approach to the difficult problem of determining the buckling capacity of a spherical shell. In spite of the simple calculation algorithm for estimating the buckling capacity of spherical shells, the results obtained reflect extremely accurately the behavior of real spherical shells, regardless of their geometry and the material used to manufacture them.

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