scholarly journals On the Determination of Meshed Distribution Networks Operational Points after Reinforcement

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Vita ◽  
Stavros Lazarou ◽  
Christos A. Christodoulou ◽  
George Seritan
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Robustness ◽  
Current Load ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Calculation Algorithm

This paper proposes a calculation algorithm that creates operational points and evaluates the performance of distribution lines after reinforcement. The operational points of the line are probabilistically determined using Monte Carlo simulation for several objective functions for a given line. It is assumed that minimum voltage at all nodes has to be balanced to the maximum load served under variable distributed generation production, and to the energy produced from the intermittent renewables. The calculated maximum load, which is higher than the current load, is expected to cover the expected needs for electric vehicles charging. Following the proposed operational patterns, it is possible to have always maximum line capacity. This method is able to offer several benefits. It facilitates of network planning and the estimation of network robustness. It can be used as a tool for network planners, operators and large users. It applies to any type of network including radial and meshed.

Determining the Norton’s Equivalent Model of Distribution System with Distributed Generation (DG) for Stability Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Sunny Katyara ◽  
Lukasz Staszewski ◽  
Faheem Akhtar Chachar
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Issues

Background: Since the distribution networks are passive until Distributed Generation (DG) is not being installed into them, the stability issues occur in the distribution system after the integration of DG. Methods: In order to assure the simplicity during the calculations, many approximations have been proposed for finding the system’s parameters i.e. Voltage, active and reactive powers and load angle, more efficiently and accurately. This research presents an algorithm for finding the Norton’s equivalent model of distribution system with DG, considering from receiving end. Norton’s model of distribution system can be determined either from its complete configuration or through an algorithm using system’s voltage and current profiles. The algorithm involves the determination of derivative of apparent power against the current (dS/dIL) of the system. Results: This work also verifies the accuracy of proposed algorithm according to the relative variations in the phase angle of system’s impedance. This research also considers the varying states of distribution system due to switching in and out of DG and therefore Norton’s model needs to be updated accordingly. Conclusion: The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is verified through MATLAB simulation results under two scenarios, (i) normal condition and (ii) faulty condition. During normal condition, the stability factor near to 1 and change in dS/dIL was near to 0 while during fault condition, the stability factor was higher than 1 and the value of dS/dIL was away from 0.

Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation and Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
Wilson Jhonatan Olmedo Carrillo ◽  
Andrés Santiago Cisneros-Barahona ◽  
María Isabel Uvidia Fassler ◽  
Gonzalo Nicolay Samaniego Erazo ◽  
Byron Andrés Casignia Vásconez
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution Networks

scholarly journals Locating and Sizing of Distributed Generation Sources and Parallel Capacitors Using Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Ahmadi Kamarposhti ◽  
Giulio Lorenzini ◽  
Ahmed Amin Ahmed Solyman
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
The Third ◽  
Swarm Algorithms ◽  
Accurate Performance

In this paper, the MOPSO algorithm has been used to locate and determine the capacity of distributed generation sources and capacitor banks in the distribution system. The intended objective function is a combination of different objective functions. The first goal is to reduce losses, and the second goal is to improve the voltage profile and the third goal is to reduce costs, which has been used by placing weight coefficients in the form of an objective function in the algorithms. For this purpose, the standard 33-bus system has been used to conduct studies. Studies have been repeated in three scenarios. In the first scenario, the locating and determination of the capacity of active and reactive resources has been accomplished with the approach of reducing losses and improving the voltage profile. However, in the second scenario, the locating and determining the capacity of these resources has been accomplished with loss and cost reduction approach and it was considered as constraint in voltage profile. In the third scenario, the simultaneous reduction of all three objective functions has been performed simultaneously. To validate the results obtained by the MOPSO algorithm, its results were compared with genetic and particle swarm algorithms. The results indicate better and more accurate performance of MOPSO algorithm in minimizing objective functions relative to other two algorithms.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Design and Effectiveness of Electric Distribution Grid with Distributed Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Mancini ◽  
Michela Longo ◽  
Wahiba Yaici ◽  
Dario Zaninelli
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Probable Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The objective of this paper is to assess the probable effect that electric vehicles (EVs), already in wide circulation and likely to increase exponentially in the near future, will have on distribution networks. Analyses are conducted on the necessary interventions and evolutions that the distribution grid will have to undergo in order to manage this new and progressively increasing heavy load of energy. Thus, in order to understand the technical limitations of the current infrastructure and how transformers and lines will be able to withstand the increasing penetration of EVs, urban and rural grid models have been studied, to highlight the differences between the impacts on high- and low-density networks. In addition, an analysis of fast charging station impact has been carried out. MATLAB software was used to perform the simulations for the creation of scripts, which were then exploited within the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. This allowed evaluation of the networks under examination and verification of the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. In concluding based on findings, some methods of managing the distribution network to optimise the network parameters analysed in the study and a solution involving electric vehicles are recommended.

scholarly journals Centralized Control of Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Renewable Energies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4283
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Zarco-Soto ◽  
Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán ◽  
Jose L. Martínez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
The Impact

Distribution networks were conceived to distribute the energy received from transmission and subtransmission to supply passive loads. This approach, however, is not valid anymore due to the presence of distributed generation, which is mainly based on renewable energies, and the increased number of plug-in electric vehicles that are connected at this voltage level for domestic use. In this paper the ongoing transition that distribution networks face is addressed. Whereas distributed renewable energy sources increase nodal voltages, electric vehicles result in demand surges higher than the load predictions considered when planning these networks, leading to congestion in distribution lines and transformers. Additionally, centralized control techniques are analyzed to reduce the impact of distributed generation and electric vehicles and increase their effective integration. A classification of the different methodologies applied to the problems of voltage control and congestion management is presented.

Mathematical modeling of electric vehicles contributions in voltage security of smart distribution networks

SIMULATION ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasan Pirouzi ◽  
Jamshid Aghaei
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Voltage Security ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Operating Limits

This paper evaluates the voltage security of the distribution networks in the presence of electric vehicles in the optimization framework. Accordingly, the main objective functions of this optimization problem include maximization of voltage security margin and minimization of operational cost. Also, it is supposed that the electric vehicles are equipped with bidirectional chargers to control active and reactive power in smart distribution networks, simultaneously. The objective functions are subject to the constraints of power flow equations, system operating limits and electric vehicle constraints. The proposed model is implemented on the 33-bus distribution network to evaluate the performance of the proposed optimization scheme for the management of the smart distribution networks in the presence of electric vehicles. The results show that the operational cost and network voltage security margin are reduced in the case of the higher electric vehicle penetration rate when electric vehicles are used for charging active power and reactive power control capability, with respect to the case that does not include electric vehicles.

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