Spectral analysis of water samples using modulated resonance features for monitoring of public water resources

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Lambrakos ◽  
C. Yapijakis ◽  
D. Aiken ◽  
A. Shabaev ◽  
S. Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Samples

Issues concerning spectral analysis of water samples for monitoring and treatment of public water resources

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2364-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lee ◽  
S. G. Lambrakos ◽  
C. Yapijakis ◽  
L. Huang ◽  
S. Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Electromagnetic Absorption ◽  
Hyperspectral Signatures ◽  
Monitoring Treatment ◽  
Water Treatments

Experimental measurements conducted in the laboratory, involving hyperspectral analysis of water samples taken from public water resources, have motivated a re-evaluation of issues concerning the potential application of this type of analysis for water monitoring, treatment and evaluation prior to filtration. One issue concerns hyperspectral monitoring of contaminants with respect to types and relative concentrations. This implies a need to better understand the statistical profiles of water contaminants in terms of spatial-temporal distributions of electromagnetic absorption spectra ranging from the ultraviolet to infrared, which are associated with specific water resources. This issue also implies the need to establish correlations between hyperspectral signatures and types of contaminants to be found within specific water resources. Another issue concerns the use of absorption spectra to determine changes in chemical and physical characteristics of contaminants after application of water treatments, in order to determine levels of toxicity with respect to the environment. This paper presents a prototype spectral analysis showing various aspects relevant to water monitoring and discusses the use of basic theory for the interpretation of spectral features associated with water contaminants, as well as discussing inverse analysis of hyperspectral measurements.

Prototype spectral analysis of water samples for monitoring and treatment of public water resources

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Lambrakos ◽  
M. Lee ◽  
C. Yapijakis ◽  
L. S. Ramsey ◽  
L. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Samples

Note on Testing the Water from the Asklepion Area, Athens

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora P. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
South Slope ◽  
Technical University

These tests were performed at the Technical University of Athens, Department of Water Resources, by Assistant Professor Alexandra Katsiri during November-December 1988. The problem she was asked to investigate was in what ways these waters differed from ordinary drinking water in Athens. (I am extremely grateful to her for this gracious assistance.) The waters were gathered from three separate sites in and near the Asklepieion on the south slope of the Acropolis, Athens (Fig. 18.5). Specifically, they are: A. Sacred Spring in Asklepion B. Archaic shaft immediately west of Asklepion C. Byzantine cistern immediately adjacent to B, to the west Table 19.1 gives a detailed analysis of the water samples. The fact that the figures from the three sources differ significantly indicates that the three places derive their water from different channels within the Acropolis. Thus the belief of the workmen on the site that these are different waters has been verified.

scholarly journals Qualitative Assessment of Effects of Encroachment on Water Resources of Agba Dam, Ilorin Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.S Oladeji ◽  
R.A Olaoye ◽  
I.B Abioye
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The city of Ilorin in Nigeria has experienced high population growth and rapid urbanization. Agba Dam is one of the major sources of potable water in Ilorin, and currently being threatened by anthropogenic induced encroachment activities, with potential for significant derogatory effects on its quality. Therefore, this paper assesses the qualitative impact of encroachment on the water resources regime of Agba Dam, Ilorin, Nigeria. Field survey was carried out to scope proximal anthropogenic activities and to delineate historical as well as current extent of the encroachment area of the dam. Representative water samples were collected from locations within the dam catchment, and subsequently analyzed for alkalinity, dissolved carbondioxide, chloride, total iron, copper, sulphate, colour, calcium, dissolved oxygen and turbidity. In addition, historical physical and chemical data of water samples obtained from the dam were also acquired, and analyzed to determine temporal variation in the quality. The results show a reduction of 0.89 km2 or 63% in the historical buffer boundary of the dam. The values of the measured physico-chemical parameters were generally similar to that obtained for the historical values and therefore suggest limited impact of the anthropogenic activities on the water quality. However, slight increases were observed in the measured concentrations of the alkalinity, dissolved carbondioxide, chloride, iron, copper and sulphate, and this indicates possibilities of water quality alteration, with potential consequences for ecosystem and aquatic life if the trend is unabated.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF PHOSPHATE ION IN WATER RESOURCES OF SOME CITIES OF PARANAENSE COAST

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Ellen Joana Nunes Santos CUNHA ◽  
José Roberto Caetano da ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Molybdenum Blue ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Phosphate Ion ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
National Environmental

This paper presents the results of the concentration of macronutrient phosphorus in the form of phosphate ion. These results were obtained spectrophotometrically by the molybdenum blue method using river water samples from four locations in the coastal cities of Paraná state. The tests showed that the concentration of this particular ion was much higher than the amount recommended in Resolution 357 of the National Environmental Council (CONAMA). These findings were discussed and compared to the results of previous research, aiming to demonstrate the implications these high concentrations have on the environment of Parana’s coastline. Finally, the study assessed the possible causes for the significant increase in the concentration of this ion close to the Port of Paranaguá and Antonina.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Distribution of Six Medically Important Vibrio spp. in Selected Freshwater and Brackish Water Resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatayo E. Abioye ◽  
Ayodeji Charles Osunla ◽  
Anthony I. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Public Health Importance

Water resources contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio species are usually a source of devastating infection outbreaks that have been a public health concern in both developed and developing countries over the decades. The present study assessed the prevalence of six medically significant Vibrio species in some water resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa for 12 months. We detected vibrios in all the 194 water samples analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater samples was 34, 19, 9, 2, 3, and 2%, and that in brackish water samples was 44, 28, 10, 7, 46, and 51%, respectively. The population of the presumptive Vibrio spp. isolated from freshwater (628) and brackish water (342) samples that were confirmed by PCR was 79% (497/628) and 85% (291/342), respectively. Twenty-two percent of the PCR-confirmed Vibrio isolates from freshwater (n = 497) samples and 41% of the PCR-confirmed Vibrio isolates from brackish water samples (n = 291) fall among the Vibrio species of interest. The incidences of V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, and V. parahaemolyticus amidst these Vibrio spp. of interest that were recovered from freshwater samples were 75, 14, 4, 6, 1, and 1%, whereas those from brackish water samples were 24, 7, 3, 3, 47, and 18%, respectively. Our observation during the study suggests pollution as the reason for the unusual isolation of medically important vibrios in winter. Correlation analysis revealed that temperature drives the frequency of isolation, whereas salinity drives the composition of the targeted Vibrio species at our sampling sites. The finding of the study is of public health importance going by the usefulness of the water resources investigated. Although controlling and preventing most of the factors that contribute to the prevalence of medically important bacteria, such as Vibrio species, at the sampling points might be difficult, regular monitoring for creating health risk awareness will go a long way to prevent possible Vibrio-related infection outbreaks at the sampling sites and their immediate environment.

scholarly journals Physico- Chemical and Microbial Properties of Surface and Groundwater Resources: Case Study of Kogi State, Central Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyi Mepaiyeda ◽  
Kakaba Madi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Hand Pump

Analysis of water resources of this area was carried out in order to assessing the water quality by determining the concentrations of Cations, Anions, Heavy metals, Trace elements, PH, Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids and microbial loads in water samples. Ten (10) water samples were collected from the study area - samples each of rain water, two pond waters - 1 and 2, stream water, four (4) hand-dug wells, hand pump water and a motorized borehole. The results obtained were compared with WHO standards and it showed that all the cations in water samples are within the limits. The water samples at locations B, E, F, G, H, I, and J have high alkalinity and HC0-3 content. The heavy metals (Pb, Ni and Cd) and trace elements (Fe and Cu) are dominantly high in the surface waters. Microbiological substances in the water samples from the study area revealed indicator organisms higher than the WHO standard for drinking water. Samples obtained from location G, I and J recorded an absence of E. coli and are fit for human consumptions but needed to be treated due to high MPN (Most Probable Number) index of viable microorganisms as against WHO standard. This research showed that the water resources of the study area are gradually polluted and in the near future may not be good for drinking.

scholarly journals Detection of Hazardous Contaminants in Ground Water Resources: An Alarming Situation for Public Health in Karachi, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-331
Author(s):  
Syeda Saima Razzaq
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Health Related

Due to industrialization and over population, surface water resources are out of reach from many people so consumption of ground water is the only choice to overcome the water scarcity. Naturally, ground water is one of the significant and potable water resource but some geographical conditions and anthropogenic activities deteriorate the water quality and make it objectionable for drinking. This study was conducted to evaluate the ground water quality of Karachi, Pakistan. For this, 42 ground water samples were collected from different districts of Karachi and analyzed their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics and compared with both international (WHO) and national (SEQS) drinking water standards. Observations of the study declared that overall contamination (physicochemical and microbial) in the ground water samples of different districts of Karachi was as follow West (21%), South (20%), Central (17%), Malir (16%), Korangi (14%) and East (12%). Physical assessment of the study area declared that pH and turbidity of the ground water samples varies in the range of (6.54-7.9) and (0-1.01 NTU) which exist in the standard prescribed limit. Whereas, detection of chemical contaminants particularly TDS (457-12090 mg/L), hardness (118.8-3645 mg/L) and chloride (190-4918 mg/L) content in most of the samples were also exceed from the prescribed limit. Additionally, arsenic was abundantly present ranging from 3.52-13.63 mg/L in all collected samples of Karachi city while the concentration of cadmium (range: 0.0005-0.5012 mg/L) and lead (range: 0.201-1.817 mg/L) were also high in few samples, from the permissible limit of drinking water. Microbial contamination was also detected in which coliforms were present in the range of 0-150 CFU/100mL, which also unfit the water quality. This deteriorated ground water quality of Karachi can be improved by maintenance of proper sanitary conditions of the communities and implementation of water treatments, otherwise consumption of such water may develop serious health related consequences in the consumers.

scholarly journals HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN ABU-ZAABAL AREA, EASTERN NILE DELTA, EGYPT

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-231
Author(s):  
RAGAA EL-SHEIKH ◽  
IBRAHIM HEGAZY ◽  
EHAB ZAGHLOOL ◽  
MOHAMED E. A. ALI ◽  
AYMAN A. GOUDA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Objective: The study presents simple tools for water resources quality classification based on its chemical compositions in Abu Zaabal area, eastern Nile Delta, Egypt and assess the water quality for different uses. Methods: 31 water samples were collected from different water resources in the study area and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Hydrochemical relations, contour maps and statistical methods were used to estimate the contamination indices and evaluate the water resources for different purposes. Results: 83.3% of groundwater samples is fresh water and 16.7% are brackish water. 85.7% of surface water samples are fresh and 14.3% is saline. 92% of groundwater samples and 71.5% of surface water samples are very hard water. According to HPI values, 8% of the quaternary groundwater samples are good, 4% are poor, 4% are very poor and 84% of the samples are unsuitable. All groundwater samples and 71% of surface water samples are contaminated with respect to ammonia. Conclusion: Higher concentrations of TDS and heavy metal may be due to the clay nature of the soil, the marine sediments in the aquifer matrix together with the dissolution and leaching of minerals from agricultural, anthropogenic and industrial activities. The groundwater in the polluted zones is considered unsuitable for human drinking.

scholarly journals Survey and first report of Acanthamoeba T4 genotype in natural spring water resources in the Black Sea, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulku Karaman ◽  
Zeynep Koloren ◽  
Panagiotis Karanis
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
First Report ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Acanthamoeba Species ◽  
Natural Spring

Abstract Infection with Acanthamoeba spp. may result in granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and Acanthamoeba keratitis. Water is an important habitat where Acanthamoeba species thrive. Therefore, studying the occurrence of this free-living amoeba in water sources will help understand the infection dynamics. The aim of the study was to survey and report on the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. in water resources from the Ordu and Giresun provinces in Black Sea. Acanthamoeba spp. was found in 1/17 natural spring water samples from Ordu and in 2/18 from Giresun. Acanthamoeba species were not detected in any of the investigated tap water samples. Sequencing of the (SSU) rDNA gene resulted in the identification of haplotype I (Acanthamoeba genotype: KJ094684). T4 (8.6%) was the only isolated genotype in both Ordu and Giresun provinces. This is the first report of Acanthamoeba T4 genotype in natural spring water resources in the Black Sea. The occurrence of Acanthamoeba species in natural spring water sources should be considered as a potential risk for human infection, especially to high-risk populations.

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