Design of optical systems with diffractive and gradient-index elements

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigoriy I. Greisukh
Keyword(s):  
Optical Systems ◽  
Gradient Index

Gradient-index optical systems in holographic endoscopy

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. von Bally ◽  
W. Schmidthaus ◽  
H. Sakowski ◽  
W. Mette
Keyword(s):  
Optical Systems ◽  
Gradient Index

Design of optical systems with diffractive and gradient-index elements

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigoriy I. Greisukh ◽  
Sergei A. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Optical Systems ◽  
Gradient Index

GRIN ’92: Gradient-index optical systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (16) ◽  
pp. 3331
Author(s):  
S. Iraj Najafi ◽  
Carlos Gomez-Reino ◽  
Yoichi Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Optical Systems ◽  
Gradient Index

GRIN’91: gradient-index optical systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (25) ◽  
pp. 5157
Author(s):  
Ramakant Srivastava ◽  
Giancarlo Righini ◽  
Kenichi Iga
Keyword(s):  
Optical Systems ◽  
Gradient Index

Atomic Resolution in Crystal Aperture Stem

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J T Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Bragg Angle ◽  
Electron Optical System ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Diffraction Effects ◽  
Design Aspect

The attempts at improvement of electron optical systems to date, have largely been directed towards the design aspect of magnetic lenses and towards the establishment of ideal lens combinations. In the present work the emphasis has been placed on the utilization of a unique three-dimensional crystal objective aperture within a standard electron optical system with the aim to reduce the spherical aberration without introducing diffraction effects. A brief summary of this work together with a description of results obtained recently, will be given.The concept of utilizing a crystal as aperture in an electron optical system was introduced by Fourie who employed a {111} crystal foil as a collector aperture, by mounting the sample directly on top of the foil and in intimate contact with the foil. In the present work the sample was mounted on the bottom of the foil so that the crystal would function as an objective or probe forming aperture. The transmission function of such a crystal aperture depends on the thickness, t, and the orientation of the foil. The expression for calculating the transmission function was derived by Hashimoto, Howie and Whelan on the basis of the electron equivalent of the Borrmann anomalous absorption effect in crystals. In Fig. 1 the functions for a g220 diffraction vector and t = 0.53 and 1.0 μm are shown. Here n= Θ‒ΘB, where Θ is the angle between the incident ray and the (hkl) planes, and ΘB is the Bragg angle.

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL INSTABILITIES IN PASSIVE OPTICAL SYSTEMS

1988 ◽  
Vol 49 (C2) ◽  
pp. C2-343-C2-348
Author(s):  
L. A. LUGIATO ◽  
C. OLDANO ◽  
Kaige WANG ◽  
L. SANTIRANA ◽  
L. M. NARDUCCI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Systems
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