Toward a two-dimensional barcode with visual information using perceptual shaping watermarking in mobile applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 017002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Chang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Two Dimensional

Development of “My Retainers” mobile application: Triangulation of two qualitative methods (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalya Al-Moghrabi ◽  
Fiorella Beatriz Colonio-Salazar ◽  
Ama Johal ◽  
Padhraig Seamus Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Participant Preferences ◽  
Orthodontic Retainers ◽  
Purposive Sample

BACKGROUND Diligent wear of removable orthodontic retainers requires prolonged compliance and is invariably necessary to preserve optimal results. Patient-informed behaviour-change interventions represent a promising and novel means of enhancing compliance with retainer wear. OBJECTIVE To describe the development of a patient-informed mobile application aimed to enhance retainer wear. METHODS Four aspects were considered during mobile application development: participant preferences; analysis of publicly-available retainer-related posts on Twitter; available interventions; and behaviour-change theories. Audio-recorded one-to-one interviews were conducted with a subset of participants to account for patient preferences in terms of features, design and content. A criterion-based purposive sample of participants wearing vacuum-formed retainers for at least 4 years was used. Thematic analysis of transcribed data was undertaken. RESULTS The need to facilitate communication with the treating clinician, responsive reminder and tracking systems, and access to useful and engaging written and visual information, in addition to other personalised and interactive features were considered important. Concerns related to retainer wear shared on Twitter informed an exhaustive list of frequently-asked questions. Application features were mapped to relevant theoretical constructs. Determinants of existing behavioural change theories were used to link application features to expected outcomes. CONCLUSIONS A holistic process involving both patient and professional input can be useful in informing the development of mobile applications. The orthodontic application (“My Retainers”) will undergo further scrutiny in relation to its effectiveness in inducing behavioural change and concerning patient experiences prior to finalisation.

scholarly journals Two-dimensional taxonomy of internet addiction and assessment of smartphone addiction with diagnostic criteria and mobile apps

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-933
Author(s):  
Yi-Lun Wu ◽  
Sheng-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

AbstractA recent review by Montag et al. raised a taxonomical argument about internet addiction. We propose a two-dimensional taxonomy of internet addiction by both the device and the content as the solution. For the assessment of smartphone addiction, measurements should be based on functional impairment and validated by diagnostic criteria rather than solely on self-reported questionnaires. We detail the potential of mobile applications (apps) to improve the assessment of smartphone addiction. App-generated indicators could fulfill the unmet need of assessment of smartphone addiction and facilitate future assessment and treatment planning of smartphone addiction.

scholarly journals Imagens táteis tridimensionais: um modelo para a tradução tátil a partir de imagens estáticas bidimensionais | Three-dimensional tactile images: a model for tactile translation from two-dimensional static images

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-252
Author(s):  
Emilia Christie Picelli Sanches ◽  
Claudia Mara Scudelari Macedo ◽  
Juliana Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Information Design ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Tactile Sense ◽  
Digital Modelling ◽  
Static Images

A acessibilidade na educação de pessoas cegas é um direito que deve ser cumprido. Levando-se em consideração que o design da informação almeja transmitir uma informação de forma efetiva ao receptor, e que uma imagem estática precisa ser adaptada para que um aluno cego tenha acesso a esse conteúdo visual, propõe-se uma maneira de traduzir a informação visual para o tátil. O propósito deste artigo, então, é apresentar um modelo para tradução de imagens estáticas bidimensionais em imagens táteis tridimensionais. Por isso, parte de uma breve revisão da literatura sobre cegueira, percepção tátil e imagens táteis. Na sequência, apresenta o modelo de tradução em três partes: (1) recomendações da literatura; (2) estrutura e (3) modelo preliminar para teste. Depois, descreve o teste do modelo realizado com dois designers com habilidades de modelagem digital (potenciais usuários). Como resultado dos testes, obtiveram-se duas modelagens distintas, uma utilizando da elevação e outra utilizando texturas, porém, os dois participantes realizaram com sucesso a tarefa pretendida. Ainda, a partir dos resultados dos obtidos, também, foi possível perceber falhas no modelo que necessitam ser ajustadas para as próximas etapas da pesquisa.+++++Accessibility in education of blind people is a right that must be fulfilled. Considering that information design aims to transmit an information in an effective way to the receiver, and that a static image needs to be adapted so that a blind student can have access to this visual content, it is proposed a way to translate the visual information to the tactile sense. The purpose of this paper is to present a translating model of static two-dimensional images into three-dimensional tactile images. First, it starts from a brief literature review aboutblindness, tactile perception and tactile images. Second, it presents the translating model in three sections: (1) literature recommendations; (2) structure and (3) finished model for testing. Then, it describes the tests with the model and two designers with digital modelling abilities (potential users). As a result from the tests, two distinct models were obtained, one using elevation and other using textures, although, both participants successfully made the intended task. Also from the test results, it was possible to perceive flaws on the model that need to be adjusted for the next steps of the research.

Anatomical segregation of two cortical visual pathways in the macaque monkey

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Morel ◽  
Jean Bullier
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Inferotemporal Cortex ◽  
Fast Blue ◽  
Prestriate Cortex ◽  
Inferior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Diamidino Yellow

AbstractA number of lines of evidence suggest that, in the macaque monkey, inferior parietal and inferotemporal cortices process different types of visual information. It has been suggested that visual information reaching these two subdivisions follows separate pathways from the striate cortex through the prestriate cortex. We examined directly this possibility by placing injections of the retrograde fluorescent tracers, fast blue and diamidino yellow, in inferior parietal and inferotemporal cortex and examining the spatial pattern of cortical areas containing labeled cells in two-dimensional reconstructions of the cortex.The results of injections in inferotemporal cortex show that TEO receives afferents from areas V2, ventral V3, V3A, central V4, V4t, and DPL in prestriate cortex and from areas IPa, PGa, and FST in the superior temporal sulcus (STS). Area TEp receives afferents only from V4 in prestriate cortex and from IPa, PGa, and FST in the anterior STS. Area TEa receives no prestriate input and is innervated by IPa, PGa, FST, and TPO in the anterior STS.The results of injections in inferior parietal cortex demonstrate that POa receives afferents from dorsal V3, V3A, peripheral V4, DPL, and PO in prestriate cortex, from MST and *VIP and from IPa, PGa, TPO, and FST in anterior STS. Area PGc (corresponding to 7a) is innervated by PO, MST, and by TPO in the anterior STS.Examination of the two-dimensional reconstructions of the pattern of labeling after combined injections of fast blue and diamidino yellow in areas POa and TEO revealed that these areas are principally innervated by different prestriate areas. Only a small region, centered on area V3A and extending into V4 and DPL, contained cells labeled by either injection as well as a small number of double-labeled cells. In contrast, areas POa and TEO receive afferents from extensive common regions in the anterior STS corresponding to areas IPa, PGa, and FST.These results directly demonstrate that visual information from the striate cortex reaches inferior parietal and inferotemporal cortices through largely separate prestriate cortical pathways. On the other hand, both parietal and inferotemporal cortices receive common inputs from extensive regions in the anterior STS which may play a role in linking the processing occurring in these two cortical subdivisions of the visual system.

Lateral geniculate neurons in behaving primates. I. Responses to two-dimensional stimuli

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. McClurkin ◽  
T. J. Gawne ◽  
B. J. Richmond ◽  
L. M. Optican ◽  
D. L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Linear Summation ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Opposite Contrast

1. Using behaving monkeys, we studied the visual responses of single neurons in the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to a set of two-dimensional black and white patterns. We found that monkeys could be trained to make sufficiently reliable and stable fixations to enable us to plot and characterize the receptive fields of individual neurons. A qualitative examination of rasters and a statistical analysis of the data revealed that the responses of neurons were related to the stimuli. 2. The data from 5 of the 13 "X-like" neurons in our sample indicated the presence of antagonistic center and surround mechanisms and linear summation of luminance within center and surround mechanisms. We attribute the lack of evidence for surround antagonism in the eight neurons that failed to exhibit center-surround antagonism either to a mismatch between the size of the pixels in the stimuli and the size of the receptive field or to the lack of a surround mechanism (i.e., the type II neurons of Wiesel and Hubel). 3. The data from five other neurons confirm and extend previous reports indicating that the surround regions of X-like neurons can have nonlinearities. The responses of these neurons were not modulated when a contrast-reversing, bipartite stimulus was centered on the receptive field, which suggests a linear summation within the center and surround mechanisms. However, it was frequently the case for these neurons that stimuli of identical pattern but opposite contrast elicited responses of similar polarity, which indicates nonlinear behavior. 4. We found a wide variety of temporal patterns in the responses of individual LGN neurons, which included differences in the magnitude, width, and number of peaks of the initial on-transient and in the magnitude of the later sustained component. These different temporal patterns were repeatable and clearly different for different visual patterns. These results suggest that visual information may be carried in the shape as well as in the amplitude of the response waveform.

Characteristics and Quality of Mobile Applications for Prenatal Genetic Testing: An Assessment (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko-Lin Wu ◽  
Rebeca Alegria ◽  
Jazzlyn Gonzalez ◽  
Harrison Hu ◽  
Haocen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Prenatal Genetic Testing ◽  
Genetic Tests

BACKGROUND Prenatal genetic testing is an essential part of routine prenatal care. Yet, obstetricians often lack the time to provide comprehensive prenatal genetic testing education to their patients. Pregnant women lack prenatal genetic testing knowledge, which may hinder informed decision-making during their pregnancies. Due to the rapid growth of technology, mobile applications (apps) are a potentially valuable educational tool through which pregnant women can learn about prenatal genetic testing and improve the quality of their communication with obstetricians. The characteristics, quality, and number of available apps containing prenatal genetic testing information was, however, unknown. OBJECTIVE To conduct the first review to identify, evaluate, and summarize currently available prenatal genetic testing mobile apps using a systematic approach. METHODS We searched both the Apple App Store and Google Play to find mobile apps containing prenatal genetic testing information. The quality of apps was assessed based upon criteria adapted from two commonly used and validated mobile app scoring systems including “MARS” and “APPLICATIONS”. RESULTS Sixty-four mobile apps were identified. Of these, only two apps were developed for a specific prenatal genetic test. All other apps were either pregnancy-related (95.3%) or genetics (1.6%) apps that provided prenatal genetic testing information. The majority of the apps (76.5%) were developed by commercial companies. The mean quality assessment score of the included apps was 13.5, which was equal to the average of possible theoretical score. Overall, the main weaknesses of mobile apps in this review included the limited number of prenatal genetic tests mentioned, incomprehensiveness of testing information, unreliable and missing information sources, absence of developmental testing with users (not evidenced-based), high level of readability, and lack of visual information, customization, and a text search field. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the quality of prenatal genetic testing-related mobile apps must be improved, and that pregnant women should be cautious when utilizing these mobile apps for prenatal genetic testing information. Obstetricians should carefully examine mobile apps before referring any of them to their patients for use as an educational tool. Both improving the quality of existing mobile apps, and developing new, evidence-based, high-quality mobile apps targeting all prenatal genetic tests should be the focus of mobile app developers going forward.

Evaluation of driver visual demand in complex two dimensional rural highway alignments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandi D Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Complex Curves ◽  
Demand Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Highway Alignment ◽  
Lateral Positioning

Transportation has proven to be one of the most important infrastructures in the economic development of any country. Safe and effective traffic operations support growth of the economy and help in future developments. Highway alignment design plays a crucial role in implementing safer traffic operation and management. Road accidents not only jeopardize safety, but also have a major effect on the national economy. These accidents can be divided in three classes, grouped according to their severity. Statistics in North America and Europe show that one of the major reasons for such road accidents is driver error. Wrong decisions during navigation may be the primary reason for such errors. Wrong decisions occur when a driver is unable to process the range of visual information available in a complex highway situation. Drivers need to have sufficient visual information in guiding and controlling vehicles along the correct path. Drivers scan the roadway to collect visual information. This visual information consists mainly of the traffic situation, roadway signs, and the information from the highway alignment itself. The information from the highway alignment plays a major role in decision-making during maneuvering. All drivers, therefore, need sufficient visual information for perfect navigating, and for guiding and controlling their vehicles on the road. The main focus of this research study was on evaluating visual demands on two-dimensional highway alignments with an emphasis on determining the effect of complex curves on visual demand. Complex curves are defined as combinations of simple, compound, and reverse curves in a series. Eighteen hypothetical alignments for two-lane rural highways have been developed following the standard guidelines of the Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) and American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO). These alignments were simulated in a low-cost driving simulator. A series of experiments was carried out using the visual occlusion method. Nine subject drivers drove in the simulator, and the output data related to visual demand information and positioning of the subject vehicle were connected. The data relating to visual demand information and lateral positioning on curves and tangents were processed using Microsoft ExceFM and analyzed using SAS, a statistical software. The turning directions, characteristics of preceding elements, and the combination of curve to curve, tangent to curve, or curve to tangent have been considered as nominal variables and analyzed as independent variables with visual demand. It has been observed that visual demand varies widely with the inverse of radius of curvature of the preceding and current elements, and the characteristics of the combination of the current and the preceding element. Visual demand also varies on identical tangents, depending on the deflection angle, inverse of radius, and turning direction of the preceding curve. The standard deviation of lateral positioning of the subject vehicle was evaluated with respect to the centre-line of the driving lane. This was supposed to have a considerable impact on visual demand evaluation, but it has been observed that this does not bear any significant relationship to visual demand. In addition to curves, tangents, as preceding elements have an immense impact on visual demand evaluation on following curves. Besides, visual demand on tangents has also been observed as highly dependent on the preceding curve and their turning directions.

Information Used in Judging Impending Collision

Perception ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Schiff ◽  
Mary Lou Detwiler
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Angular Size ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Collision Time ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Time To Collision

Many subhuman species and human infants, children, and adults can use two-dimensional information of relative rate of angular-size change to anticipate collisions between the self and approaching objects or surfaces. But extant studies have not determined what information is used when subjects view simulated approach events providing two-dimensional information and three-dimensional information (distance and distance change), as well as lower-order visual information contained in real approach events. Three experiments suggest that, given these several possibilities, adults' judgments of collision time are best predicted by two-dimensional spatiotemporal values which are invariant over object sizes, distances traversed, approach velocities, and several lower-order variables such as absolute angular size. However, collision time is substantially underestimated, with absolute amount of underestimation increasing as a function of actual time-to-collision. Large constant errors and loss of judgment linearity beyond about 10 s to contact time suggest that current models of human performance based on use of time-to-collision information require modified assumptions of operator efficiency.

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