Approaching ultrathin VO2 films on sapphire (001) substrates by biased reactive sputtering: Characteristic morphology and its effect on the infrared-light switching

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 043401
Author(s):  
Kunio Okimura ◽  
Joe Sakai ◽  
Masashi Kuwahara ◽  
Mustapha Zaghrioui ◽  
Yoichi Uehara
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Sputtering ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Characteristic Morphology

Preparation and characterization of thin films of carbon nitride

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
L. Wan ◽  
R. F. Egerton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Reactive Sputtering ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Bonding Structure ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

INTRODUCTION Recently, a new compound carbon nitride (CNx) has captured the attention of materials scientists, resulting from the prediction of a metastable crystal structure β-C3N4. Calculations showed that the mechanical properties of β-C3N4 are close to those of diamond. Various methods, including high pressure synthesis, ion beam deposition, chemical vapor deposition, plasma enhanced evaporation, and reactive sputtering, have been used in an attempt to make this compound. In this paper, we present the results of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis of composition and bonding structure of CNX films deposited by two different methods.SPECIMEN PREPARATION Specimens were prepared by arc-discharge evaporation and reactive sputtering. The apparatus for evaporation is similar to the traditional setup of vacuum arc-discharge evaporation, but working in a 0.05 torr ambient of nitrogen or ammonia. A bias was applied between the carbon source and the substrate in order to generate more ions and electrons and change their energy. During deposition, this bias causes a secondary discharge between the source and the substrate.

Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2657-2667
Author(s):  
Felipe Montecinos-Franjola ◽  
John Y. Lin ◽  
Erik A. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Color Palette

Noninvasive fluorescent imaging requires far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for deeper imaging. Near-infrared light penetrates biological tissue with blood vessels due to low absorbance, scattering, and reflection of light and has a greater signal-to-noise due to less autofluorescence. Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins absorb light >600 nm to expand the color palette for imaging multiple biosensors and noninvasive in vivo imaging. The ideal fluorescent proteins are bright, photobleach minimally, express well in the desired cells, do not oligomerize, and generate or incorporate exogenous fluorophores efficiently. Coral-derived red fluorescent proteins require oxygen for fluorophore formation and release two hydrogen peroxide molecules. New fluorescent proteins based on phytochrome and phycobiliproteins use biliverdin IXα as fluorophores, do not require oxygen for maturation to image anaerobic organisms and tumor core, and do not generate hydrogen peroxide. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) was evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein to covalently attach biliverdin as an exogenous fluorophore. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein is biophysically as bright as the enhanced green fluorescent protein, is exceptionally photostable, used for biosensor development, and visible in living mice. Novel applications of smURFP include in vitro protein diagnostics with attomolar (10−18 M) sensitivity, encapsulation in viral particles, and fluorescent protein nanoparticles. However, the availability of biliverdin limits the fluorescence of biliverdin-attaching fluorescent proteins; hence, extra biliverdin is needed to enhance brightness. New methods for improved biliverdin bioavailability are necessary to develop improved bright far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for noninvasive imaging in vivo.

Quantum fountain infrared light sources based on intersubband emissions in quantum wells

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (PR2) ◽  
pp. Pr2-161
Author(s):  
F. H. Julien ◽  
P. Boucaud ◽  
S. Sauvage ◽  
O. Gauthier-Lafaye ◽  
Z. Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Light Sources

Transparency Improvement of SiCO Thin Film for Optical Waveguide with Reactive Sputtering Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Nikkuni ◽  
Chizuru Numata ◽  
Ryoto Yamaji ◽  
Hiroshi Ito ◽  
Yoshio Kawamata
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Optical Waveguide ◽  
Reactive Sputtering

High Rate Deposition of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) by Reactive Sputtering (1); Unipolar Pulsing with Plasma Emission Control

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzo Shigesato ◽  
Kento Hirohata ◽  
Yasutaka Nishi ◽  
Nobuto Oka ◽  
Yasushi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Control ◽  
Reactive Sputtering ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Plasma Emission ◽  
Doped Zno

Catalyst Halogenation Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerizations with Visible to Near-Infrared Light

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Stafford ◽  
Dowon Ahn ◽  
Emily Raulerson ◽  
Kun-You Chung ◽  
Kaihong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Emission Quenching

Driving rapid polymerizations with visible to near-infrared (NIR) light will enable nascent technologies in the emerging fields of bio- and composite-printing. However, current photopolymerization strategies are limited by long reaction times, high light intensities, and/or large catalyst loadings. Improving efficiency remains elusive without a comprehensive, mechanistic evaluation of photocatalysis to better understand how composition relates to polymerization metrics. With this objective in mind, a series of methine- and aza-bridged boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives were synthesized and systematically characterized to elucidate key structure-property relationships that facilitate efficient photopolymerization driven by visible to NIR light. For both BODIPY scaffolds, halogenation was shown as a general method to increase polymerization rate, quantitatively characterized using a custom real-time infrared spectroscopy setup. Furthermore, a combination of steady-state emission quenching experiments, electronic structure calculations, and ultrafast transient absorption revealed that efficient intersystem crossing to the lowest excited triplet state upon halogenation was a key mechanistic step to achieving rapid photopolymerization reactions. Unprecedented polymerization rates were achieved with extremely low light intensities (< 1 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>) and catalyst loadings (< 50 μM), exemplified by reaction completion within 60 seconds of irradiation using green, red, and NIR light-emitting diodes.

Preparation of CdS Thin Films by Reactive Sputtering Method

Shinku ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroharu HIRABAYASHI ◽  
Minoru NOGAMI
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Reactive Sputtering ◽  
Cds Thin Films
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