Structural change of ion-induced carbon nanofibers by electron current flow

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 04E103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zamri ◽  
Pradip Ghosh ◽  
Akari Hayashi ◽  
Yasuhiko Hayashi ◽  
Masaki Tanemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Electron Current

Structural change of ion-induced carbon nanofibers by electron current flow

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zamri Yusop ◽  
Pradip Ghosh ◽  
Masato Sasase ◽  
Akari Hayashi ◽  
Yasuhiko Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Electron Current

Effect of Current Direction on the Reliability of Different Capped Cu Interconnects

2005 ◽  
Vol 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Gan ◽  
C. Y. Lee ◽  
C. K. Cheng ◽  
J. Gambino
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Void Nucleation ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Nucleation Site ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Current Direction ◽  
Electron Current ◽  
Electrical Current Flow ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe reliability of Cu M1-V1-M2-V2-M3 interconnects with SiN and CoWP cap layers was investigated. Similar to previously reported results, the reliability of CoWP capped structures is much better than identical SiN capped structures. However, it was also observed that the reliability of CoWP capped interconnects was independent of the direction of electrical current flow. This phenomenon is different from what was observed for SiN capped structures, where M2 lines with electron current flow in the upstream configuration (“via-below”) have about three times larger median-time-to-failure than identical lines in the downstream configuration (“viaabove”). This is because the Cu/SiN interface is the preferential void nucleation site and provides the fastest diffusion pathway in such an architecture. Failure analysis has shown that fatal partially-spanned voids usually had formed directly below the via for “via-above” configuration, and fully-spanned voids occurred in the lines above the vias for “via-below” configuration.On the other hand, failure analysis for CoWP-coated Cu structures showed that partiallyspanned voids below the via do not cause fatal failures in the downstream configuration. This is because the CoWP layer is conducting, and thus able to shunt current around the void. As a result, a large fully-spanning void is required to cause a failure, just like the upstream configuration. Thus the lifetime of an interconnect with a conducting cap layer is independent of whether the current is flowing upstream or downstream.

Direct observation of structural change in Au-incorporated carbon nanofibers during field emission process

Carbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisato Takahashi ◽  
Yazid Yaakob ◽  
Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop ◽  
Golap Kalita ◽  
Masaki Tanemura
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Emission Process

High-resolution structure determination by ALCHEMI

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Self ◽  
Peter R. Buseck
Keyword(s):  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Bragg Angle ◽  
Electron Current ◽  
High Resolution Structure ◽  
Beam Incident ◽  
Crystallographic Planes ◽  
Electron Beam Incident ◽  
Resolution Structure

ALCHEMI (Atom Location by CHanneling Enhanced Microanalysis) enables the site occupancy of atoms in single crystals to be determined. In this article the fundamentals of the method for both EDS and EELS will be discussed. Unlike HRTEM, ALCHEMI does not place stringent resolution requirements on the microscope and, because EDS clearly distinguishes between elements of similar atomic number, it can offer some advantages over HRTEM. It does however, place certain constraints on the crystal. These constraints are: a) the sites of interest must lie on alternate crystallographic planes, b) the projected charge density on the alternate planes must be significantly different, and c) there must be at least one atomic species that lies solely on one of the planes.An electron beam incident on a crystal undergoes elastic scattering; in reciprocal space this is seen as a diffraction pattern and in real space this is a modulation of the electron current across the unit cell. When diffraction is strong (i.e., when the crystal is oriented near to the Bragg angle of a low-order reflection) the electron current at one point in the unit cell will differ significantly from that at another point.

Electron Microscopy of Shock Loaded Polycrystalline Beryllium

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 506-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Galbraith ◽  
L. E. Murr ◽  
A. L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Uniaxial compression tests and hydrostatic tests at pressures up to 27 kbars have been performed to determine operating slip systems in single crystal and polycrystal1ine beryllium. A recent study has been made of wave propagation in single crystal beryllium by shock loading to selectively activate various slip systems, and this has been followed by a study of wave propagation and spallation in textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. An alteration in the X-ray diffraction pattern has been noted after shock loading, but this alteration has not yet been correlated with any structural change occurring during shock loading of polycrystal1ine beryllium.This study is being conducted in an effort to characterize the effects of shock loading on textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. Samples were fabricated from a billet of Kawecki-Berylco hot pressed HP-10 beryllium.

Women and Structural Change: New Perspectives

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
Alaka M. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document