Nonstoichiometric growth and cluster formation in low temperature grown GaAsSb for terahertz-applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sigmund ◽  
D. Pavlidis ◽  
H. L. Hartnagel ◽  
N. Benker ◽  
H. Fuess
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Terahertz Applications

Study of cluster formation in low-temperature systems. Spectral manifestation of resonance dipole–dipole interactions between nondipole polyatomic molecules

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Cherevatova ◽  
V. N. Bocharov ◽  
T. D. Kolomiitsova ◽  
D. N. Shchepkin ◽  
K. G. Tokhadze
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Polyatomic Molecules ◽  
Spectral Manifestation ◽  
Dipole Interactions

scholarly journals Low Temperature Kinetics of the First Steps of Water Cluster Formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bourgalais ◽  
V. Roussel ◽  
M. Capron ◽  
A. Benidar ◽  
A. W. Jasper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Cluster ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Low Temperature Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Effect of isovalent doping with phosphorus on the cluster formation in gallium arsenide grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at a relatively low temperature

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 758-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Boĭtsov ◽  
N. A. Bert ◽  
Yu. G. Musikhin ◽  
V. V. Chaldyshev ◽  
M. A. Yagovkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Isovalent Doping

Induction of Reproductive Dormancy in Australian Monarch Butterflies Danaus plexippus (L.)

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG James
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
New South ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Non-breeding cluster populations of Danaus plexippus (Danaidae) were monitored at five sites in the Sydney area of New South Wales for 5 years. Meteorological records showed that cluster formation was always preceded by periods of cool overcast weather, during which maximum temperatures remained below 18�C for at least 2 days. Field experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that low post-eclosion temperatures cause reproductive dormancy in Australian D. plexippus. Butterflies were reared in the laboratory and on eclosion exposed to selected temperatures and photophases for 2-4 days before being tagged and released. Recapture data showed that high post-eclosion temperatures (19 or 28�C) inhibited long-distance flight and resulted in ovarian development, but low temperatures (15:6�C, 7:17 h) inhibited ovarian development and permitted long-distance flight. Intermediate temperatures (e.g. 15�C or 12�3�C continuously) gave mixed results. Photoperiod during or before the period of exposure to low temperature did not affect reproduction. The induction, maintenance and termination of reproductive dormancy in Australian D. plexippus are discussed.

scholarly journals Immunostaining of keratin and vimentin in epidermis: comparison of different post-embedding immunogold techniques for electron microscopy.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Mahrle ◽  
H J Schulze ◽  
A Kuhn ◽  
A Wevers
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Linear Distribution ◽  
Immunogold Staining ◽  
Fixed Material ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Linear Alignment ◽  
Structural Preservation ◽  
Lowicryl K4m

The present study compares different post-embedding staining methods, including conventional and low-temperature embedding techniques, for demonstration of the keratin and vimentin cytoskeleton of epidermal cells, applying commercially available polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Immunogold staining (5-nm particles) was performed on the following material: (a) osmium-fixed and Durcupan-embedded material, etched with various solutions; (b) aldehyde-fixed material embedded in Lowicryl K4M at 4 degrees C and -35 degrees C; (c) aldehyde-fixed material embedded in Lowicryl K11M at -60 degrees C with and without cryoprotection with glycerol. In conventionally embedded material we failed to demonstrate intermediate filaments, whereas they were stained after low-temperature embedding with Lowicryl, i.e., K4M 4 degrees C, K4M -35 degrees C, and K11M -60 degrees C. The keratin and vimentin cytoskeleton reacted exclusively with polyclonal antibodies. The best results for antigenicity as well as structural preservation were achieved by post-embedding staining of K4M -35 degrees C-embedded material. Antibodies to keratin stained the cytoskeleton in keratinocytes of all epidermal layers. Filaments were decorated in a linear alignment. Antibodies to vimentin stained the cytoskeleton of Langerhans cells and melanocytes. In these cells a linear distribution pattern of the reaction product along the filaments and an extrafilamentous cluster formation were observed, indicating staining of vimentin and a vimentin-associated protein.

Low-Temperature Homoepitaxial Growth with SiCl4 Precursor Compared to HCl Assisted SiH4-Based Growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 615-617 ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Prasad Kotamraju ◽  
Galyna Melnychuk ◽  
Yaroslav Koshka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Homoepitaxial Growth ◽  
Phase Nucleation ◽  
Polycrystalline Deposition ◽  
Hot Zone

Chlorinated silicon precursor SiCl4 was investigated as a source of additional chlorine instead of or in combination with HCl during the low temperature (13000C) halo-carbon epitaxial growth. No Si cluster cloud was visible inside the hot-wall susceptor indicating negligible homogeneous gas-phase nucleation. The growth rate was significantly enhanced compared to the SiH4-case, but was relatively close to the SiH4+HCl case. Similar to the SiH4+HCl growth, the increase of the growth rate caused by suppressed cluster formation was less significant than expected. The depletion of the growth species by vigorous polycrystalline deposition upstream of the hot zone, which was earlier reported for the SiH4+HCl growth, was also significant in the SiCl4-based growth. Closer to the growth zone, carbon species also get incorporated in the polycrystalline deposits.

Ni cluster formation in low temperature annealed Ni50.6Ti49.4

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1740005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Pourbabak ◽  
Xiebin Wang ◽  
Dirk Van Dyck ◽  
Bert Verlinden ◽  
Dominique Schryvers
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Reciprocal Space ◽  
Diffuse Intensity ◽  
Unexpected Effect ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperature Treatments ◽  
Start Temperature

Various low temperature treatments of Ni[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text] have shown an unexpected effect on the martensitic start temperature. Periodic diffuse intensity distributions in reciprocal space indicate the formation of short pure Ni strings along the [Formula: see text]111[Formula: see text] directions in the B2 ordered lattice, precursing the formation of Ni4Ti3 precipitates formed at higher annealing temperatures.

scholarly journals Cluster-Related Phenomena in the Properties and Transformations of Transition Metal-Based Glassy Alloys

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Antal Lovas ◽  
Parthiban Ramasamy ◽  
Attila Szabó ◽  
Jozef Kováč ◽  
Ladislav Novák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Microphase Separation ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Cluster Assembly ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Glassy Alloys

A survey of the cluster formation tendency and mechanism in transition metal-based glassy alloys is made with an emphasis on their manifestation in various physical properties. The cluster formation is partially inherited from the supercooling of the melt. However, it also develops due to the interaction between dissolved hydrogen and the frozen glassy structure. The glassy state as “cluster assembly” is regarded as a structural background for the interpretation of several anomalous concentration dependences of thermal and magnetic properties in these glasses. We will focus on the manifestation of alloying effects, the relation between irreversible and reversible structural relaxations both in the high, and low temperature range (observed near to the glass transition or after low temperature storage). The development of the cluster assembly is the consequence of the co-existence of various bonding types between the alloy components. These are brought together in the melt, ensuring sufficient glass-forming ability. The nucleation mechanism of the amorphous-nanocrystalline transformation is also explained as a cluster phenomenon, which significantly contributes to the evolution of magnetic ultra-softness in FINEMET-type alloys. Finally, the role of the quenched-in cluster structure in the mechanism of reversible and irreversible H-absorption is discussed. Irreversible H-induced structural rearrangements can appear as microphase separation in multicomponent systems, governed by the affinity difference between the metallic components and the absorbed hydrogen. This kind of H-induced reordering is responsible for the “volume activation” of amorphous H-storage alloys and it also causes the gradual breakdown of storage capacity during cyclic absorption–desorption steps. This article mainly focuses on the cluster phenomena in Fe-based glasses because of its unique combination of high mechanical strength, strong corrosion resistance, good thermal stability and excellent magnetic properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document