Modeling influence of structural changes in photoacid generators on 193 nm single layer resist imaging

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebo Croffie ◽  
Lei Yuan ◽  
Mosong Cheng ◽  
Andrew Neureuther ◽  
Frank Houlihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Photoacid Generators ◽  
193 Nm

Base additives for use in a single layer 193-nm resist based upon poly(norbornene/maleic anhydride/acrylic acid/ tert -butyl acrylate)

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M. Houlihan ◽  
Donna Person ◽  
Omkaram Nalamasu ◽  
Ilya Rushkin ◽  
Ognian N. Dimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
193 Nm

Hydra regeneration from recombined ectodermal and endodermal tissue. II. Differential stability in the ectodermal and endodermal epithelial organization

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (16) ◽  
pp. 1919-1934
Author(s):  
M. Murate ◽  
Y. Kishimoto ◽  
T. Sugiyama ◽  
T. Fujisawa ◽  
H. Takahashi-Iwanaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Spherical Structure ◽  
Epithelial Sheet ◽  
Differential Stability ◽  
Tissue Recombination

Hydra tissue consists of the ectodermal and the endodermal layers. When the two layers were separated by procaine treatment and then recombined, the ectodermal epithelial cells spread as a single cell layer over the endoderm as in epiboly in vertebrate embryogenesis, and the resultant spherical structure subsequently regenerated into a complete hydra. In this study, light and electron microscopy were used to examine the structural changes which took place in the cells and tissue during this epibolic ectodermal spreading process. Within a few hours after tissue recombination, the endoderm underwent dramatic changes; it lost its epithelial sheet organization, and turned into a mass of irregularly shaped cells without the apical-basal cell polarity initially present. In contrast, the ectoderm maintained its basic epithelial sheet organization as it spread over the endoderm. Later, the endodermal epithelial cells reorganized themselves into a single-layered epithelial sheet underneath the spreading ectodermal layer. The resultant spherical structure consisted of a single layer of ectodermal epithelial cells outside, a single layer of endodermal epithelial cells inside, and an empty cavity in the center as in normal hydra tissue. This structure regenerated into hydra in the following days. These and other observations demonstrate that the two-layered epithelial sheet organization is highly dynamic, and that its stability is maintained by strong interactions between the two layers in normal hydra. It is suggested that this dynamic nature of the hydra tissue, particularly the high plasticity of the endodermal epithelial sheet organization, may be an important element for the high regenerative capacity of this organism.

Patterning Scheme Based on Photoacid Induced Spectral Changes for Single Layer, Patterned Full Color Light Emitting Diodes

2006 ◽  
Vol 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vasilopoulou ◽  
Giorgos Pistolis ◽  
Athanasios Botsialas ◽  
Nikos Stathopoulos ◽  
Maria Rangoussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Spectral Shift ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Photoacid Generators ◽  
Onium Salts ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
Polymeric Layer ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACTPhotochemically induced emission tuning (PIET) for the definition of different color emitting areas in a single conducting polymeric layer is demonstrated. The commercially available poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), well known as a hole transporting layer in OLEDs technology, was used. The three primary colors emitting areas in a single layer of PVK film were defined using a suitable green emitter 1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-6-phenylhexa-1,3,5,-triene (DMA-DPH) along with the red emitter (4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene) (DANS). The selected emitters were dispersed in the PVK films in the presence of a photoacid generator (PAG). Various onium salts were tested as photoacid generators in order to select those, which could cause effectivily the photoinduced protonation and emission tuning of the probes molecules. Through proton induced bleaching of the red emitter and proton induced spectral shift of the green one, the definition of all three primary color emitting areas was possible. In this way the unexposed areas of the film remain red, the areas exposed with the intermediate dose become green and the fully exposed areas emit blue color. Intermediate colors and white light can also be obtained.

A New Single-Layer Resist for 193-nm Lithography

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (Part 2, No. 4B) ◽  
pp. L528-L530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Nozaki ◽  
Keiji Watanabe ◽  
Takahisa Namiki ◽  
Miwa Igarashi ◽  
Yoko Kuramitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
193 Nm

scholarly journals Single layer resists with enhanced etch resistance for 193 nm lithography.

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT D. ALLEN ◽  
GREGORY M. WALLRAFF ◽  
RICHARD A. DIPIETRO ◽  
DONALD C. HOFER ◽  
RODERICK R. KUNZ
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
193 Nm

Novel single-layer photoresist containing cycloolefins for 193 nm

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Hyeon Park ◽  
Dong-Chul Seo ◽  
Ki-Dae Kim ◽  
Sun-Yi Park ◽  
Seong-Ju Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
193 Nm

scholarly journals A Commercially Viable 193 nm Single Layer Resist Platform.

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Houlihan ◽  
T. Wallow ◽  
A. Timko ◽  
E. Neria ◽  
R. Hutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
193 Nm

scholarly journals Quasi-geostrophic shallow-water doubly-connected vortex equilibria and their stability

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 40-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Płotka ◽  
David G. Dritschel
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Relative Equilibria ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Equilibrium Configurations ◽  
Horizontal Size ◽  
Boundary Of Stability ◽  
Asymmetric Wave

AbstractWe examine the form, properties, stability and evolution of doubly-connected (two-vortex) relative equilibria in the single-layer $f$-plane quasi-geostrophic shallow-water model of geophysical fluid dynamics. Three parameters completely describe families of equilibria in this system: the ratio $\gamma = L/ {L}_{D} $ between the horizontal size of the vortices and the Rossby deformation length; the area ratio $\alpha $ of the smaller to the larger vortex; and the minimum distance $\delta $ between the two vortices. We vary $0\lt \gamma \leq 10$ and $0. 1\leq \alpha \leq 1. 0$, determining the boundary of stability $\delta = {\delta }_{c} (\gamma , \alpha )$. We also examine the nonlinear development of the instabilities and the transitions to other near-equilibrium configurations. Two modes of instability occur when $\delta \lt {\delta }_{c} $: a small-$\gamma $ asymmetric (wave 3) mode, which is absent for $\alpha \gtrsim 0. 6$; and a large-$\gamma $ mode. In general, major structural changes take place during the nonlinear evolution of the vortices, which near ${\delta }_{c} $ may be classified as follows: (i) vacillations about equilibrium for $\gamma \gtrsim 2. 5$; (ii) partial straining out, associated with the small-$\gamma $ mode, where either one or both of the vortices get smaller for $\gamma \lesssim 2. 5$ and $\alpha \lesssim 0. 6$; (iii) partial merger, occurring at the transition region between the two modes of instability, where one of the vortices gets bigger, and (iv) complete merger, associated with the large-$\gamma $ mode. We also find that although conservative inviscid transitions to equilibria with the same energy, angular momentum and circulation are possible, they are not the preferred evolutionary path.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Formaldehyde Release of Particleboard Made with Lignin-Based Adhesives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8720
Author(s):  
Gabriela Balea Paul ◽  
Maria Cristina Timar ◽  
Octavia Zeleniuc ◽  
Aurel Lunguleasa ◽  
Camelia Coșereanu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Formaldehyde Release ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Wood Particles

The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of magnesium lignosulfonate as adhesive in particleboard manufacturing. Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) between 1% and 3% and glucose (1% of the lignosulfonate content) were added as potential cross-linkers in the adhesive formulations. Mixed beech and spruce wood, 30% beech wood and 70% spruce wood, were employed for the configuration of the panel structure. The density, mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of single-layer particleboard were investigated. Spectroscopic analysis (FTIR) revealed structural changes brought by oxidation that may indicate depolymerization by the splitting of C-O-C bonds and formation of carbonyl groups. Mechanical properties were improved, and the highest average values were recorded for panels having as adhesives oxidized lignin with cross-linkers as follow: 15 N/mm2 (MOR), 3320 N/mm2 (MOE) and 0.48 N/mm2 (IB). The density profile presented higher values for faces in case of oxidized lignin panels. Changes were observed for oxidized lignin with cross-linker panels wherein the core had higher values. The results showed that the panels manufactured with adhesives composed of oxidized lignosulfonate (20% of the dried wood particles weight) and the addition of PMDI and glucose in various percentages have a positive influence on their formaldehyde release and mechanical properties requested by EN 312 (2004) standard.

scholarly journals Impact of 2-Methyl-2-Adamantyl Group Used for 193-nm Single-Layer Resist

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Takechi ◽  
Makoto Takahashi ◽  
Akiko Kotachi ◽  
Koji Nozaki ◽  
Ei Yano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
193 Nm
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